International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, AIDS Vaccine Design and Development Laboratory, Brooklyn, New York 11220, USA.
Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2013 Sep;8(5):402-11. doi: 10.1097/COH.0b013e328363d389.
To briefly describe some of the replication-competent vectors being investigated for development of candidate HIV vaccines focusing primarily on technologies that have advanced to testing in macaques or have entered clinical trials.
Replication-competent viral vectors have advanced to the stage at which decisions can be made regarding the future development of HIV vaccines. The viruses being used as replication-competent vector platforms vary considerably, and their unique attributes make it possible to test multiple vaccine design concepts and also mimic various aspects of an HIV infection. Replication-competent viral vectors encoding simian immunodeficiency virus or HIV proteins can be used to safely immunize macaques, and in some cases, there is evidence of significant vaccine efficacy in challenge protection studies. Several live HIV vaccine vectors are in clinical trials to evaluate immunogenicity, safety, the effect of mucosal delivery, and potential effects of preexisting immunity.
A variety of DNA and RNA viruses are being used to develop replication-competent viral vectors for HIV vaccine delivery. Multiple viral vector platforms have proven to be well tolerated and immunogenic with evidence of efficacy in macaques. Some of the more advanced HIV vaccine prototypes based on vesicular stomatitis virus, vaccinia virus, measles virus, and Sendai virus are in clinical trials.
简要描述一些正在开发中的、具有复制能力的 HIV 候选疫苗载体，主要关注那些已在猕猴中进行测试或已进入临床试验阶段的技术。
具有复制能力的病毒载体已发展到可以对 HIV 疫苗的未来开发做出决策的阶段。用作复制能力载体平台的病毒差异很大，其独特的特性使得可以测试多种疫苗设计概念，并模拟 HIV 感染的各个方面。编码猴免疫缺陷病毒或 HIV 蛋白的具有复制能力的病毒载体可用于安全地免疫猕猴，在某些情况下，在挑战保护研究中有证据表明疫苗具有显著的功效。几种活的 HIV 疫苗载体正在临床试验中评估免疫原性、安全性、黏膜传递的效果以及固有免疫的潜在影响。
多种 DNA 和 RNA 病毒被用于开发用于 HIV 疫苗传递的具有复制能力的病毒载体。多种病毒载体平台已被证明具有良好的耐受性和免疫原性，并在猕猴中具有功效的证据。一些基于水疱性口炎病毒、牛痘病毒、麻疹病毒和仙台病毒的更先进的 HIV 疫苗原型正在临床试验中。
