Differences in smoking and cessation characteristics among adult nondaily smokers in the United States: findings from the 2009-2010 National Adult Tobacco Survey.

INTRODUCTION

Nondaily smoking in the United States is increasing. Although differences in smoking and cessation behaviors between daily and nondaily smokers have been documented, differences among nondaily smokers are poorly understood. This study provides updated national data on smoking and cessation characteristics among nondaily versus daily smokers and between subgroups of nondaily smokers.

METHODS

Data were obtained from the 2009-2010 National Adult Tobacco Survey, a stratified, dual-frame telephone survey conducted in the United States. Participants were categorized into daily smokers, never-daily nondaily smokers (NDNS), recently converted (≤1 year) nondaily smokers (RCNS), and established-converted (>1 year) nondaily smokers (ECNS). Chi-square tests were used to assess differences across groups, and multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with past-year quit attempts.

RESULTS

Among nondaily smokers (17.8% of the total sample), 27.1% were NDNS, 37.4% were RCNS, and 35.4% were ECNS. RCNS were the most likely to report ever having tried to quit (p < .0001), having tried to quit in the past year (p < .0001), having used cessation treatment during their last quit attempt (p < .05), and wanting to quit smoking for good (p < .001). Compared with NDNS, RCNS had more than twice the odds of trying to quit in the past year after adjusting for demographics and smoking characteristics (adjusted odds ratio = 2.1, 95% confidence interval = 1.3-3.2). No significant differences existed between NDNS and ECNS.

CONCLUSIONS

RCNS are potentially more interested in quitting and should be specifically targeted with cessation interventions to avoid relapse to daily or long-term nondaily smoking.