Weinberger Andrea H, Gbedemah Misato, Wall Melanie M, Hasin Deborah S, Zvolensky Michael J, Chaiton Michael, Goodwin Renee D
Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY.
Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2017 Sep 1;19(9):1062-1072. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntx009.
Depression is strongly associated with daily smoking. Yet, little is known about the association between depression and non-daily smoking. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of past-year depression and changes in past-year depression over time among non-daily smokers, compared to daily smokers and never-smokers, overall and stratified by age, gender, income, nicotine dependence, and cigarettes per day.
Data were drawn from the National Household Survey on Drug Use (NSDUH), an annual cross-sectional study of persons aged 12 and over (total study population N = 496 805). The prevalence of past-year depression was examined annually among non-daily smokers, daily smokers, and never-smokers from 2005 to 2013 using linear trend analyses.
Past-year depression was common among 10.10% of non-daily smokers, common among 10.78% of daily smokers, and 5.51% of never-smokers in 2013. The prevalence of depression increased from 2005 to 2013 among non-daily smokers (9.06% vs. 10.10%; p = .034) while there was no significant change in depression over time among daily smokers. Increases in depression among non-daily smokers occurred for both men and women and appear most pronounced youth, those smoking fewer cigarettes, and those without nicotine dependence.
The prevalence of depression among non-daily smokers was equivalent to daily smokers and nearly twice that among nonsmokers. Depression appears to be increasing over time in non-daily smokers especially among youth, those who smoke less, and those without nicotine dependence. More work on the mental health of non-daily smokers is needed as this is an increasing and understudied group.
This is the first study to investigate changes in the prevalence of depression among non-daily smokers compared to daily smokers and never-smokers over the past decade in a nationally representative sample of the United States. The results suggest an increase in depression among non-daily smokers over time that did not similarly occur for daily smokers. Further, there were several subgroups of non-daily smokers among whom depression has increased more rapidly. This study suggests the need for more information about the relationship between depression and non-daily smoking including the impact of depression on quit attempts and outcomes.
抑郁症与每日吸烟密切相关。然而，对于抑郁症与非每日吸烟之间的关联却知之甚少。本研究的目的是调查非每日吸烟者过去一年中抑郁症的患病率以及过去一年中抑郁症随时间的变化情况，并与每日吸烟者和从不吸烟者进行比较，同时按年龄、性别、收入、尼古丁依赖程度和每日吸烟量进行分层。
数据取自全国药物使用家庭调查（NSDUH），这是一项对12岁及以上人群进行的年度横断面研究（研究总人口N = 496805）。使用线性趋势分析，对2005年至2013年期间非每日吸烟者、每日吸烟者和从不吸烟者每年的过去一年抑郁症患病率进行检查。
2013年，过去一年中抑郁症在10.10%的非每日吸烟者中较为常见，在10.78%的每日吸烟者中较为常见，在5.51%的从不吸烟者中较为常见。2005年至2013年期间，非每日吸烟者的抑郁症患病率有所上升（9.06%对10.10%；p = 0.034），而每日吸烟者的抑郁症患病率随时间没有显著变化。非每日吸烟者中抑郁症的增加在男性和女性中均有发生，且在年轻人、吸烟较少者和无尼古丁依赖者中最为明显。
非每日吸烟者中的抑郁症患病率与每日吸烟者相当，几乎是非吸烟者的两倍。随着时间的推移，非每日吸烟者中的抑郁症似乎在增加，尤其是在年轻人、吸烟较少者和无尼古丁依赖者中。由于这是一个不断增加且研究不足的群体，因此需要对非每日吸烟者的心理健康进行更多研究。
这是第一项在美国具有全国代表性的样本中，调查过去十年中非每日吸烟者与每日吸烟者和从不吸烟者相比抑郁症患病率变化的研究。结果表明，随着时间的推移，非每日吸烟者中的抑郁症有所增加，而每日吸烟者中并未出现类似情况。此外，有几个非每日吸烟者亚组，其中抑郁症增加得更快。这项研究表明需要更多关于抑郁症与非每日吸烟之间关系的信息，包括抑郁症对戒烟尝试和结果的影响。
