Majid Tarahomi, Farhad Yaghmaie, Sorour Asadi, Soheila Asgari, Farnaz Fatemi, Hojjat Zeraati, Leili Chamani-Tabriz
Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
J Reprod Infertil. 2010 Apr;11(1):53-7.
Nowadays, HIV is mostly spreading in Asian countries. One of the important routes for HIV transmission in these countries is the vertical route which infects 35% to 45% of newborns. Mother's education, drug prophylaxis and Cesarean section, accompanied by banning breastfeeding will decrease this rate to 2%. Therefore, mothers' knowledge about Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) has a great role in HIV/AIDS prevention. This study was designed to evaluate knowledge of pregnant women about HIV, its vertical transmission and prevention in Tehran, Iran.
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1577 pregnant women aged 15 - 46 years who were attending prenatal care clinics in Tehran, Iran. The research material was a questionnaire which was completed daily by trained midwives. The data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA, independent sample t-test, Pearson correlation and linear regression with a significance level of p = 0.05.
About 16.5% of the participants had good knowledge about HIV/AIDS and 54.1% about its transmission routes but awareness about its prevention was only 5.7%. Fifty-seven percent of the participant had not been tested for HIV earlier and 20.2% were not willing to undergo such tests. About 86.2% of the participants had no idea about the availability of drug prophylaxis in Iran for PMTCT.
The fact that 28.2% of the participants were not willing to undergo HIV testing reflects negative attitude about HIV infection. Although the overall awareness about the infection and its transmission was good but knowledge about its prevention especially by PMTCT and its availability in Iran was low. Educational programs through mass media or prenatal care programs by focusing on HIV/AIDS prevention maybe useful.
如今，艾滋病毒主要在亚洲国家传播。在这些国家，艾滋病毒传播的重要途径之一是垂直传播途径，该途径会感染35%至45%的新生儿。母亲的教育程度、药物预防和剖宫产，同时禁止母乳喂养，可将这一比例降至2%。因此，母亲对预防母婴传播（PMTCT）的了解在艾滋病毒/艾滋病预防中起着重要作用。本研究旨在评估伊朗德黑兰孕妇对艾滋病毒、其垂直传播及预防的了解情况。
本横断面研究针对1577名年龄在15 - 46岁、在伊朗德黑兰产前护理诊所就诊的孕妇开展。研究材料为一份问卷，由经过培训的助产士每日填写。数据采用方差分析、独立样本t检验、Pearson相关性分析和线性回归进行统计分析，显著性水平为p = 0.05。
约16.5%的参与者对艾滋病毒/艾滋病有良好认知，54.1%了解其传播途径，但对其预防的知晓率仅为5.7%。57%的参与者此前未接受过艾滋病毒检测，20.2%不愿意接受此类检测。约86.2%的参与者对伊朗可用于预防母婴传播的药物预防措施一无所知。
28.2%的参与者不愿意接受艾滋病毒检测这一事实反映出对艾滋病毒感染的消极态度。尽管对感染及其传播的总体认知良好，但对其预防，尤其是通过预防母婴传播的预防措施及其在伊朗的可得性方面的了解较低。通过大众媒体开展教育项目或在产前护理项目中重点关注艾滋病毒/艾滋病预防可能会有所帮助。
