Baldini Alberto, Nota Alessandro, Cravino Gaia, Cioffi Clementina, Rinaldi Antonio, Cozza Paola
University of Rome Tor Vergata, Department of Orthodontics, Rome, Italy.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 2013 Aug;84(8):823-7. doi: 10.3357/asem.3541.2013.
Air force pilots have great postural control, movement coordination, motor learning, and motor transformation. They undergo abnormal stresses during flight that affect their organs and systems, with consequences such as barodontalgia, bruxism, TMJ dysfunctions, and cervical pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of dental occlusion and vision on their body posture.
In collaboration with the "A. Mosso" Legal Medical Institute (Aeronautica Militare), two groups, consisting of 20 air force and 20 civilian pilots, were selected for the study using a protocol approved by the Italian Air Force. An oral examination and a force platform test were performed in order to evaluate the subjects' postural system efficiency. A MANOVA (Multivariate analysis of variance) analysis was performed by using the Wilkes' criterion, in order to statistically evaluate the influence of each factor.
Both the sway area and velocity parameters are very strongly influenced by vision: the sway area increases by approximately 32% and the sway velocity increases by approximately 50% when the pilot closes his eyes. Only the sway area parameter was significantly influenced by the mandibular position: the mandibular position with eyes open changed the sway area by about 51% and with eyes closed by about 40%. No statistically significant differences were found between air force and civilian pilots.
The results of this analysis show that occlusion and visual function could influence posture in air force and civilian pilots.
空军飞行员具备出色的姿势控制、运动协调、运动学习和运动转换能力。他们在飞行过程中承受异常压力，这些压力会影响其器官和系统，导致诸如航空性牙痛、磨牙症、颞下颌关节功能障碍和颈部疼痛等后果。本研究的目的是评估牙合与视力对其身体姿势的影响。
与“A. 莫索”法医学研究所（意大利空军）合作，按照意大利空军批准的方案，选取两组人员进行研究，每组由20名空军飞行员和20名民航飞行员组成。进行了口腔检查和测力平台测试，以评估受试者姿势系统的效率。使用威尔克斯准则进行多变量方差分析（MANOVA），以便从统计学角度评估每个因素的影响。
摆动面积和速度参数均受到视力的强烈影响：当飞行员闭上眼睛时，摆动面积增加约32%，摆动速度增加约50%。只有摆动面积参数受到下颌位置的显著影响：睁眼时下颌位置使摆动面积改变约51%，闭眼时改变约40%。在空军飞行员和民航飞行员之间未发现统计学上的显著差异。
该分析结果表明，牙合和视觉功能可能会影响空军和民航飞行员的姿势。
