Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar , Braga , Portugal .
Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2015 Mar;35(1):114-28. doi: 10.3109/07388551.2013.819484. Epub 2013 Aug 13.
The impact of nanotechnology in all areas of science and technology is evident. The expanding availability of a variety of nanostructures with properties in the nanometer size range has sparked widespread interest in their use in biotechnological systems, including the field of environmental remediation. Nanomaterials can be used as catalysts, adsorbents, membranes, water disinfectants and additives to increase catalytic activity and capability due to their high specific surface areas and nanosize effects. Thus, nanomaterials appear promising for new effective environmental technologies. Definitely, nanotechnology applications for site remediation and wastewater treatment are currently in research and development stages, and new innovations are underway. The synthesis of metallic nanoparticles has been intensively developed not only due to its fundamental scientific interest but also for many technological applications. The use of microorganisms in the synthesis of nanoparticles is a relatively new eco-friendly and promising area of research with considerable potential for expansion. On the other hand, chemical synthesis occurs generally under extreme conditions (e.g. pH, temperature) and also chemicals used may have associated environmental and human health impacts. This review is an overview of current research worldwide on the use of microorganisms during the biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles and their unique properties that make them good candidates for many applications, including in biotechnology.
纳米技术在各个科学技术领域的影响是显而易见的。各种具有纳米尺寸范围内性能的纳米结构的可用性不断扩大，引起了人们对其在生物技术系统中应用的广泛兴趣，包括环境修复领域。由于纳米材料具有高比表面积和纳米尺寸效应，因此可将其用作催化剂、吸附剂、膜、水消毒剂和添加剂，以提高催化活性和能力。因此，纳米材料似乎有望成为新的有效环境技术。可以肯定的是，纳米技术在现场修复和废水处理中的应用目前处于研究和开发阶段，新的创新正在进行中。金属纳米粒子的合成不仅由于其基础科学兴趣而得到了深入发展，而且还由于许多技术应用而得到了发展。利用微生物合成纳米粒子是一个相对较新的环保且有前途的研究领域，具有很大的扩展潜力。另一方面，化学合成通常在极端条件下（例如 pH 值、温度）进行，并且所使用的化学物质可能会对环境和人类健康产生相关影响。本综述概述了全球范围内在微生物生物合成金属纳米粒子及其独特性质方面的最新研究进展，这些性质使它们成为许多应用的良好候选者，包括生物技术。
