Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine Section, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
BMC Public Health. 2013 Aug 12;13:745. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-745.
Sickness absence is a multifaceted problem. Much is known about risk factors for being long-term sick-listed, but there is still little known about the various aftermaths and experiences of it. The aim of this qualitative study was to describe, analyze and understand long-term sickness-absent people's experiences of being sick-listed.
The design was descriptive and had a phenomenological approach. Sixteen long-term sickness-absent individuals were purposively sampled from three municipalities in Sweden in 2011, and data were collected through semi-structured, individual interviews. The interview questions addressed how the participants experienced being sick-listed and how the sick-listing affected their lives. Transcribed interviews were analysed using Giorgi's phenomenological method.
The interviews revealed that the participants' experiences of being sick-listed was that they lost their independence in the process of stepping out of working society, attending the mandatory steps in the rehabilitation chain and having numerous encounters with professionals. The participants described that their life-worlds were radically changed when they became sick-listed. Their experiences of their changing life-worlds were mostly highly negative, but there were also a few positive experiences. The most conspicuous findings were the fact that stopping working brought with it so many changes, the participants' feelings of powerlessness in the process, and their experiences of offensive treatment by and/or encounters with professionals.
Sick-listed persons experienced the process of being on long-term sickness absent as very negative. The negative experiences are linked to consequences of stopping to work, consequences of social insurance rules and to negative encounters with professionals handling the sickness absence. The positive experiences of being sick-listed were few in the present study. There is a need to further examine the extent of these negative experiences are and how they affect sick-listed people's recovery and return to work. Long-term sickness absence; sick leave; experiences; interviews; phenomenology; Sweden.
缺勤是一个多方面的问题。人们对导致长期请病假的风险因素了解颇多，但对于请病假后的各种后果和经历却知之甚少。本研究旨在描述、分析和理解长期请病假者请病假的经历。
本研究采用描述性和现象学设计。2011 年，从瑞典的三个城市中，有目的地选取了 16 名长期请病假的人作为研究对象，通过半结构式的个人访谈收集数据。访谈问题主要涉及参与者对请病假的体验，以及请病假对他们生活的影响。采用 Giorgi 的现象学方法对转录的访谈进行分析。
访谈结果表明，参与者请病假的经历是，他们在离开工作社会的过程中失去了独立性，参加康复链中的强制性步骤，并与众多专业人员接触。参与者描述说，他们请病假后生活世界发生了翻天覆地的变化。他们对不断变化的生活世界的体验大多是非常负面的，但也有一些积极的体验。最显著的发现是，停止工作带来了如此多的变化，参与者在这个过程中感到无能为力，以及他们对专业人员的冒犯性对待的经历和遭遇。
长期请病假者将请病假的过程体验为非常消极。这些负面体验与停止工作的后果、社会保险规则的后果以及与处理病假的专业人员的负面遭遇有关。在本研究中，积极的请病假体验很少。需要进一步研究这些负面体验的程度以及它们如何影响请病假者的康复和重返工作岗位。
