肺栓塞，第一部分：流行病学、危险因素与风险分层、病理生理学、临床表现、诊断及非血栓性肺栓塞
Pulmonary embolism, part I: Epidemiology, risk factors and risk stratification, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and nonthrombotic pulmonary embolism.
作者信息
Bĕlohlávek Jan, Dytrych Vladimír, Linhart Aleš
机构信息
2nd Department of Medicine - Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, General University Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
出版信息
Exp Clin Cardiol. 2013 Spring;18(2):129-38.
Abstract
Pulmonary embolism is an important clinical entity with considerable mortality despite advances in diagnosis and treatment. In the present article, the authors offer a comprehensive review focused mainly on epidemiology, risk factors, risk stratification, pathophysiological considerations and clinical presentation. Diagnosis based on assessment of clinical likelihood, electrocardiography, chest x-ray, D-dimer levels, markers of myocardial injury and overload, and blood gases is discussed in detail. Special attention is devoted to the clinical use of computed tomography, pulmonary angiography and echocardiography in the setting of pulmonary embolism.
摘要
尽管在诊断和治疗方面取得了进展，但肺栓塞仍是一种具有相当高死亡率的重要临床病症。在本文中，作者提供了一篇全面的综述，主要集中在流行病学、危险因素、风险分层、病理生理考量和临床表现方面。详细讨论了基于临床可能性评估、心电图、胸部X光、D - 二聚体水平、心肌损伤和负荷标志物以及血气分析的诊断方法。特别关注了计算机断层扫描、肺血管造影和超声心动图在肺栓塞诊断中的临床应用。
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