Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University , Urmia , Iran.
Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2013 Sep-Oct;51(8):737-47. doi: 10.3109/15563650.2013.829234. Epub 2013 Aug 14.
Oleander is a potent cardiotoxic plant and is a common cause of poisoning in human and animals. There is no affordable and cost-effective treatment for oleander poisoning. Objective. To evaluate the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of garlic extract (Allium sativum) on Nerium oleander (a potent cardiotoxic plant) intoxication in sheep.
Eight sheep were intravenously infused with an unsterilized hydro-ethanol extract of garlic (50 mg/kg) before or after receiving a lethal dose of dried leaves (as a powder) of oleander (100 mg/kg, orally). The cardiac rhythm was continuously monitored using biopotential wireless transmitters and telemetry system. For evaluation of therapeutic effects, six sheep received the lethal dose of oleander and were administered with garlic extract after development of cardiac arrhythmias. Subsequently, the survived animals from the therapeutic study (four sheep) were administered with oleander without receiving any medication. Some blood constituents, including total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde, and troponin I, were compared between treated and untreated animals.
Pretreatment with garlic extract reversed the arrhythmia caused by oleander to its previous normal rhythm in seven sheep, but, one sheep died of ventricular fibrillation. On therapeutic treatment, four sheep survived while two died of ventricular fibrillation. Dosing with oleander without receiving garlic extract resulted in death of all sheep due to ventricular fibrillation. Blood constituents did not show any significant changes between treated and untreated sheep, and before and after intoxication.
Garlic extract reduced the case fatality from 100% to 12.5% and 33.3% as a prophylactic or therapeutic agent, respectively. Additionally, garlic extract delayed the time of onset of arrhythmias and prolonged the interval between intoxication and death of the animals. Garlic extract could be considered to be a potential and affordable antidote in oleander poisoning. However additional studies with a larger sample size and in other species need to be performed to confirm the results in this study.
夹竹桃是一种强效的心脏毒性植物，是人类和动物中毒的常见原因。目前还没有经济实惠且有效的夹竹桃中毒治疗方法。目的：评估大蒜提取物（Allium sativum）对夹竹桃（一种强效心脏毒性植物）中毒的预防和治疗效果。
8 只绵羊静脉输注未经消毒的大蒜水-乙醇提取物（50mg/kg），然后或在接受致死剂量的夹竹桃干叶（粉末，100mg/kg，口服）之前。使用生物电势无线发射机和遥测系统连续监测心脏节律。为了评估治疗效果，6 只绵羊接受致死剂量的夹竹桃，在出现心律失常后给予大蒜提取物。随后，对来自治疗研究的幸存动物（4 只绵羊）在未接受任何药物治疗的情况下给予夹竹桃。比较治疗和未治疗动物的一些血液成分，包括总抗氧化能力、丙二醛和肌钙蛋白 I。
大蒜提取物预处理可使 7 只绵羊的夹竹桃引起的心律失常逆转至之前的正常节律，但有 1 只绵羊死于心室颤动。在治疗治疗中，4 只绵羊存活，2 只绵羊死于心室颤动。未给予大蒜提取物而给予夹竹桃，所有绵羊均因心室颤动而死亡。血液成分在治疗和未治疗的绵羊之间以及中毒前后均未显示出任何显著变化。
大蒜提取物分别作为预防或治疗剂，将病死率从 100%降低至 12.5%和 33.3%。此外，大蒜提取物延迟了心律失常的发作时间，并延长了动物中毒和死亡之间的间隔。大蒜提取物可以被认为是夹竹桃中毒的一种潜在且经济实惠的解毒剂。但是，需要进行更大样本量和其他物种的研究来证实本研究的结果。
