Gospic Katarina, Sundberg Marcus, Maeder Johanna, Fransson Peter, Petrovic Predrag, Isacsson Gunnar, Karlström Anders, Ingvar Martin
MR Research Center and Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Retzius väg 8, 17177 Stockholm, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Transport Science, Teknikringen 10, 100 44 Stockholm and VTI, Transport Economics Unit, PO Box 920, 781 29 Borlänge, Sweden
MR Research Center and Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Retzius väg 8, 17177 Stockholm, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Transport Science, Teknikringen 10, 100 44 Stockholm and VTI, Transport Economics Unit, PO Box 920, 781 29 Borlänge, Sweden.
Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2014 Sep;9(9):1325-32. doi: 10.1093/scan/nst118. Epub 2013 Aug 14.
When people state their willingness to pay for something, the amount usually differs from the behavior in a real purchase situation. The discrepancy between a hypothetical answer and the real act is called hypothetical bias. We investigated neural processes of hypothetical bias regarding monetary donations to public goods using fMRI with the hypothesis that amygdala codes for real costs. Real decisions activated amygdala more than hypothetical decisions. This was observed for both accepted and rejected proposals. The more the subjects accepted real donation proposals the greater was the activity in rostral anterior cingulate cortex-a region known to control amygdala but also neural processing of the cost-benefit difference. The presentation of a charitable donation goal evoked an insula activity that predicted the later decision to donate. In conclusion, we have identified the neural mechanisms underlying real donation behavior, compatible with theories on hypothetical bias. Our findings imply that the emotional system has an important role in real decision making as it signals what kind of immediate cost and reward an outcome is associated with.
当人们陈述他们为某物支付的意愿时，这个金额通常与实际购买情况下的行为不同。假设性答案与实际行为之间的差异被称为假设性偏差。我们使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）研究了关于对公共物品进行货币捐赠的假设性偏差的神经过程，并提出杏仁核编码实际成本的假设。实际决策比假设性决策更能激活杏仁核。在接受和拒绝的提议中均观察到这一点。受试者接受实际捐赠提议的程度越高，前额叶前扣带回皮层（一个已知可控制杏仁核且也参与成本效益差异神经处理的区域）的活动就越强烈。慈善捐赠目标的呈现引发了脑岛活动，该活动预测了后来的捐赠决定。总之，我们已经确定了实际捐赠行为背后的神经机制，这与关于假设性偏差的理论相一致。我们的研究结果表明，情绪系统在实际决策中具有重要作用，因为它能表明一种结果所关联的即时成本和奖励类型。
