情绪的变化面貌：与年龄相关的杏仁核对显著面孔的激活模式。
The changing face of emotion: age-related patterns of amygdala activation to salient faces.
机构信息
Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
出版信息
Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2011 Jan;6(1):12-23. doi: 10.1093/scan/nsq007. Epub 2010 Mar 1.
The present study investigated age-related differences in the amygdala and other nodes of face-processing networks in response to facial expression and familiarity. fMRI data were analyzed from 31 children (3.5-8.5 years) and 14 young adults (18-33 years) who viewed pictures of familiar (mothers) and unfamiliar emotional faces. Results showed that amygdala activation for faces over a scrambled image baseline increased with age. Children, but not adults, showed greater amygdala activation to happy than angry faces; in addition, amygdala activation for angry faces increased with age. In keeping with growing evidence of a positivity bias in young children, our data suggest that children find happy faces to be more salient or meaningful than angry faces. Both children and adults showed preferential activation to mothers' over strangers' faces in a region of rostral anterior cingulate cortex associated with self-evaluation, suggesting that some nodes in frontal evaluative networks are active early in development. This study presents novel data on neural correlates of face processing in childhood and indicates that preferential amygdala activation for emotional expressions changes with age.
本研究调查了杏仁核和其他面部处理网络节点在响应面部表情和熟悉度方面的年龄相关差异。从 31 名儿童（3.5-8.5 岁）和 14 名年轻成年人（18-33 岁）的 fMRI 数据中分析了观看熟悉（母亲）和不熟悉情绪面孔的图片。结果表明，杏仁核对面孔相对于随机图像基线的激活随着年龄的增长而增加。儿童（而非成年人）对快乐面孔的杏仁核激活比愤怒面孔更强；此外，愤怒面孔的杏仁核激活随着年龄的增长而增加。与幼儿中存在积极偏见的证据一致，我们的数据表明，儿童认为快乐面孔比愤怒面孔更突出或更有意义。儿童和成年人在与自我评估相关的额前扣带皮层的一个区域中，对母亲的面孔比对陌生人的面孔表现出优先激活，这表明额评估网络中的一些节点在早期发育阶段就很活跃。本研究提供了关于儿童面部处理神经相关的新数据，并表明对情绪表达的优先杏仁核激活随年龄而变化。
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