Perea Manuel, Panadero Victoria
ERI-Lectura and Departamento de Metodología, Universitat de València, <location>Valencia, Spain</location>
Exp Psychol. 2014 Jan 1;61(1):23-9. doi: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000223.
The vast majority of neural and computational models of visual-word recognition assume that lexical access is achieved via the activation of abstract letter identities. Thus, a word's overall shape should play no role in this process. In the present lexical decision experiment, we compared word-like pseudowords like viotín (same shape as its base word: violín) vs. viocín (different shape) in mature (college-aged skilled readers), immature (normally reading children), and immature/impaired (young readers with developmental dyslexia) word-recognition systems. Results revealed similar response times (and error rates) to consistent-shape and inconsistent-shape pseudowords for both adult skilled readers and normally reading children - this is consistent with current models of visual-word recognition. In contrast, young readers with developmental dyslexia made significantly more errors to viotín-like pseudowords than to viocín-like pseudowords. Thus, unlike normally reading children, young readers with developmental dyslexia are sensitive to a word's visual cues, presumably because of poor letter representations.
绝大多数视觉单词识别的神经和计算模型都假定，词汇通达是通过激活抽象字母身份来实现的。因此，单词的整体形状在这个过程中应该不起作用。在当前的词汇判断实验中，我们在成熟（大学年龄的熟练读者）、不成熟（正常阅读的儿童）以及不成熟/受损（患有发展性阅读障碍的年轻读者）的单词识别系统中，比较了像viotín（与基础单词violin形状相同）和viocín（形状不同）这样类似单词的伪词。结果显示，成年熟练读者和正常阅读的儿童对形状一致和形状不一致的伪词的反应时间（和错误率）相似——这与当前的视觉单词识别模型一致。相比之下，患有发展性阅读障碍的年轻读者对viotín类伪词的错误明显多于对viocín类伪词的错误。因此，与正常阅读的儿童不同，患有发展性阅读障碍的年轻读者对单词的视觉线索敏感，大概是因为字母表征能力较差。
