Panizzi A R
Embrapa Trigo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil.
Neotrop Entomol. 2013 Apr;42(2):119-27. doi: 10.1007/s13744-013-0111-y. Epub 2013 Jan 30.
The integrated pest management (IPM) of soybean developed and implemented in Brazil was one of the most successful programs of pest management in the world. Established during the 1970s, it showed a tremendous level of adoption by growers, decreasing the amount of insecticide use by over 50%. It included outstanding approaches of field scouting and decision making, considering the economic injury levels (EILs) for the major pests. Two main biological control programs were highly important to support the soybean IPM program in Brazil, i.e., the use of a NPVAg to control the major defoliator, the velvet bean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, and the use of egg parasitoids against the seed-sucking stink bugs, in particular, the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.). These two biological control programs plus pests scouting, and the use of more selective insecticides considering the EILs supported the IPM program through the 1980s and 1990s. With the change in the landscape, with the adoption of the no-tillage cultivation system and the introduction of more intense multiple cropping, and with the lower input to divulge and adapt the IPM program to this new reality, the program started to decline during the years 2000s. Nowadays, soybean IPM is almost a forgotten control technology. In this mini-review article, suggestions are made to possibly revive and adapt the soybean IPM to contemporary time.
巴西开发并实施的大豆综合虫害管理（IPM）是世界上最成功的虫害管理计划之一。该计划于20世纪70年代确立，得到了种植者的广泛采用，杀虫剂用量减少了50%以上。它包括田间巡查和决策的出色方法，同时考虑了主要害虫的经济损害水平（EILs）。两个主要的生物防治计划对支持巴西的大豆IPM计划非常重要，即使用一种NPVAg来控制主要食叶害虫——豆蚀叶野螟（Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner），以及使用卵寄生蜂来防治吸食种子的椿象，特别是绿蝽（Nezara viridula (L.)）。这两个生物防治计划加上害虫巡查，以及根据EILs使用更具选择性的杀虫剂，在20世纪80年代和90年代支持了IPM计划。随着景观的变化，免耕种植系统的采用和更密集的复种的引入，以及推广和使IPM计划适应这一新现实的投入减少，该计划在21世纪开始衰落。如今，大豆IPM几乎已成为被遗忘的防治技术。在这篇小型综述文章中，提出了一些可能使大豆IPM得以复兴并适应当代的建议。
