Department of Psychology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand,
Psychon Bull Rev. 2013 Oct;20(5):819-58. doi: 10.3758/s13423-013-0404-5.
We used a general stage-based model of reaction time (RT) to investigate the psychometric properties of mean RTs and experimental effect sizes (i.e., differences in mean RTs). Using the model, formulas were derived for the reliabilities of mean RTs and RT difference scores, and these formulas provide guidance about the number of trials per participant needed to obtain reliable estimates of these measures. In addition, formulas were derived for various different types of correlations computed in RT research (e.g., correlations between a mean RT and an external non-RT measure, between two mean RTs, between a mean RT and an RT effect size). The analysis revealed that observed RT-based correlations depend on many parameters of the underlying processes contributing to RT. We conclude that these correlations often fail to support the inferences drawn from them and that their proper interpretation is far more complex than is generally acknowledged.
我们使用一种通用的基于阶段的反应时间（RT）模型来研究平均 RT 和实验效应大小（即平均 RT 差异）的心理测量特性。使用该模型，推导出了平均 RT 和 RT 差分数的可靠性公式，这些公式为获得这些测量值可靠估计所需的每个参与者的试验次数提供了指导。此外，还推导出了 RT 研究中计算的各种不同类型的相关系数（例如，平均 RT 与外部非 RT 测量值之间、两个平均 RT 之间、平均 RT 与 RT 效应大小之间的相关系数）。分析表明，观察到的基于 RT 的相关系数取决于导致 RT 的基础过程的许多参数。我们得出的结论是，这些相关系数通常不能支持从它们中得出的推论，并且它们的正确解释远比通常承认的要复杂得多。
