Division for Women and Children, Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway,
Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 2013 Dec;61(6):459-68. doi: 10.1007/s00005-013-0247-9. Epub 2013 Aug 18.
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is one of the most common chronic diseases with childhood onset, and the disease incidence has increased two to fivefold over the past half century by as yet unknown means. T1D occurs when the body's immune system turns against itself, destroying in a very specific and targeted way-the pancreatic β-cells. T1D results from poorly defined interactions between susceptibility genes and environmental determinants. In contrast to the rapid progress in finding T1D genes, identification and confirmation of environmental determinants remain a formidable challenge. This review article will give an overview of ongoing prospective cohort studies aiming to identify the environmental trigger(s) causing T1D.
1 型糖尿病（T1D）是最常见的儿童期慢性疾病之一，在过去的半个世纪中，其发病率以未知的方式增加了两到五倍。T1D 是当身体的免疫系统攻击自身时发生的，以非常特定和有针对性的方式破坏胰腺β细胞。T1D 是由易感性基因和环境决定因素之间定义不明确的相互作用引起的。与发现 T1D 基因的快速进展相比，确定和确认环境决定因素仍然是一个艰巨的挑战。本文将概述目前正在进行的旨在确定导致 T1D 的环境触发因素的前瞻性队列研究。
