Rollet Maurane, Aguayo Gloria A, Riveline Jean-Pierre, Cosson Emmanuel, Fagherazzi Guy
Deep Digital Phenotyping Research Unit, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg.
Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
JMIR Res Protoc. 2025 Jul 17;14:e73424. doi: 10.2196/73424.
The recent increase in the incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) over the past few decades has been too rapid to be explained solely by genetic factors. It is likely influenced by environmental factors as well. Understanding these environmental factors, the exposome, is essential for identifying new disease prevention and management strategies.
This paper aims to present a protocol for a scoping review to gather current knowledge on the various dimensions of the exposome relevant to the development and outcomes of T1D, highlight existing knowledge gaps, and provide a foundation for future research.
We will follow principles from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for scoping reviews and the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. We will search for relevant publications in 5 databases: PubMed, Embase (Elsevier), CINAHL (EBSCO), Web of Science (Clarivate), and Google Scholar. All studies on the impact of environmental exposures on T1D development or acute (hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia) and chronic (cardiovascular disease, retinopathy, neuropathy, and others) T1D complications will be collected. Two independent reviewers will then use the CADIMA (Client-Server Application for Documentation and Integrated Management of All Steps of a Systematic Review) web tool to screen records for titles, abstracts, and full texts. Data will be extracted from eligible studies by 2 independent reviewers by using a data extraction sheet, including relevant information from the eligible studies helping to answer the research question. The data extraction sheet will be completed together with a quality assessment by using JBI and other relevant tools before the synthesis of all the relevant results. Numerical and visual results will be presented using descriptive summaries to organize, describe, and interpret the findings. We will also provide a narrative synthesis of the main results focused on our objectives. This scoping review is registered with the Open Science Framework.
The scoping review started in November 2024. The analysis is expected to be completed and the results submitted for publication in November 2025. The final review will report on all the studies identified and synthesized in accordance with the predefined protocol. Concerning all types of exposure, we expect to find more aspects of the specific external exposome (eg, pollutants, diet, infectious agents), particularly in young populations (children, adolescents) and possibly in utero exposition, linked to the trigger of the disease rather than in developing diabetes complications.
By covering the different aspects and stages of the disease, this literature review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the different effects of the components from the exposome in relation to T1D. This scoping review will help the scientific community understand the various aspects of the exposome in the development of T1D and its consequences. The results will be released as a peer-reviewed open-access publication and during congresses and conferences to reach the scientific community and the general public.
OSF Registries 10.17605/OSF.IO/UJ5KM; https://osf.io/uj5km.
INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/73424.
在过去几十年中，1型糖尿病（T1D）的发病率近期增长过快，无法仅用遗传因素来解释。它可能也受到环境因素的影响。了解这些环境因素，即暴露组，对于确定新的疾病预防和管理策略至关重要。
本文旨在提出一项范围综述方案，以收集有关与T1D的发生和结局相关的暴露组各个维度的现有知识，突出存在的知识空白，并为未来研究提供基础。
我们将遵循乔安娜·布里格斯研究所（JBI）范围综述方法学的原则以及PRISMA-ScR（系统评价和Meta分析扩展的范围综述的首选报告项目）指南。我们将在5个数据库中搜索相关出版物：PubMed、Embase（爱思唯尔）、CINAHL（EBSCO）、科学网（科睿唯安）和谷歌学术。将收集所有关于环境暴露对T1D发生或急性（低血糖或高血糖）及慢性（心血管疾病、视网膜病变、神经病变等）T1D并发症影响的研究。然后，两名独立评审人员将使用CADIMA（系统评价所有步骤的文档和综合管理的客户端-服务器应用程序）网络工具筛选标题、摘要和全文记录。两名独立评审人员将使用数据提取表从符合条件的数据中提取数据，包括来自符合条件的研究的有助于回答研究问题的相关信息。在综合所有相关结果之前，将使用JBI和其他相关工具完成数据提取表并进行质量评估。将使用描述性总结呈现数值和视觉结果，以组织、描述和解释研究结果。我们还将围绕我们的目标对主要结果进行叙述性综合。本范围综述已在开放科学框架注册。
范围综述于2024年11月开始。分析预计于2025年11月完成并提交结果以供发表。最终综述将报告根据预定义方案确定和综合的所有研究。关于所有类型的暴露，我们预计会发现特定外部暴露组（如污染物、饮食、感染因子）的更多方面，特别是在年轻人群（儿童、青少年）中，可能还包括子宫内暴露，与疾病的触发有关，而不是与糖尿病并发症的发生有关。
通过涵盖疾病的不同方面和阶段，本综述旨在全面概述暴露组各成分与T1D相关的不同影响。本范围综述将有助于科学界了解暴露组在T1D发生及其后果中的各个方面。结果将作为同行评审的开放获取出版物发布，并在大会和会议上发布，以传达给科学界和公众。
OSF注册库10.17605/OSF.IO/UJ5KM；https://osf.io/uj5km。
国际注册报告标识符（IRRID）：DERR1-10.2196/73424。
