Department of Food Chemistry & Nutrition, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
J Med Food. 2013 Aug;16(8):749-59. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2012.0250.
Although rutabaga (Brassica napus L. var. napobrassica) is a popular crop, especially in North Europe and North America, its sprouts are a new kind of vegetable. Rutabaga roots, and particularly sprouts, have not been investigated so far for antioxidant and anticancer effect on human tumor cells (Hep G2). Therefore, in vitro tests were conducted to find out whether rutabaga seeds, roots, and sprouts exert a cytotoxic effect on mammalian cells and combine them with other biological properties of particular parts of the plant. Rutabaga methanol extracts were measured for total phenolic, total flavonoid concentrations, and total antioxidant activity. Cytotoxicity of the investigated extracts was measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1) and Hep G2 cells culture. Cell membrane integrity was assessed in CHO-K1 and Hep G2 cells by luminescence ToxiLight BioAssay. The results of the investigation have shown that sprouts have significantly higher antioxidant activity than seeds and roots, which may result from different contents of polyphenols. Rutabaga extracts (especially 8 day sprouts) inhibited the tumor cell line Hep G2 proliferation and had a slight effect on the normal mammalian CHO-K1 culture. An advanced analysis of previously observed morphological changes and cytotoxic properties demonstrated that the evaluated extracts exerted cell death via apoptosis. These findings strongly suggest that one of the biological activities of rutabaga is antiproliferative and proapoptotic potential specific to tumor cells. The obtained results demonstrate the antioxidant property of rutabaga and its potential as a nutritional supplement in cancer prevention. These findings also strongly advocate the application of rutabaga sprouts (especially harvested in conditions presented in this article) in functional food.
芜菁（芸薹属芸薹种芜菁亚种）虽然是一种受欢迎的作物，特别是在北欧和北美，但它的芽是一种新型蔬菜。迄今为止，尚未研究芜菁根，特别是其芽的抗氧化和抗癌作用对人类肿瘤细胞（Hep G2）的影响。因此，进行了体外试验，以确定芜菁种子、根和芽是否对哺乳动物细胞具有细胞毒性作用，并将其与植物其他部分的特殊生物特性结合起来。测量了芜菁甲醇提取物中的总酚、总类黄酮浓度和总抗氧化活性。使用 3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴化物法（MTT 法）在中华仓鼠卵巢细胞（CHO-K1）和 Hep G2 细胞培养物中测定了所研究提取物的细胞毒性。通过发光 ToxiLight 生物测定法评估了 CHO-K1 和 Hep G2 细胞中的细胞膜完整性。研究结果表明，芽的抗氧化活性明显高于种子和根，这可能是由于多酚含量不同所致。芜菁提取物（尤其是 8 天的芽）抑制了肿瘤细胞系 Hep G2 的增殖，对正常的哺乳动物 CHO-K1 培养物仅有轻微影响。对先前观察到的形态变化和细胞毒性特性的深入分析表明，评价提取物通过细胞凋亡发挥细胞死亡作用。这些发现强烈表明，芜菁的一种生物学活性是针对肿瘤细胞的增殖抑制和促凋亡潜力。研究结果表明芜菁具有抗氧化特性，并具有作为癌症预防营养补充剂的潜力。这些发现还强烈支持在功能性食品中应用芜菁芽（特别是在本文所述条件下收获的）。
