Laboratoire de Recherche, Biodiversité, Molécule et Application, Institut Supérieur de Biologie Appliquée de Médenine, Université de Gabès, Zrig, Gabès 6072, Tunisia.
Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, F-31062 Toulouse, France.
Molecules. 2023 Aug 25;28(17):6250. doi: 10.3390/molecules28176250.
Rutabaga, also known as swede and scientifically classified as , is a biennial edible root vegetable that belongs to the genus and is widely cultivated in North Europe and North America. The present study highlights both the phytochemical profile and the in vitro biological properties of rutabaga seed extracts obtained through maceration using solvents of increasing polarity, namely, cyclohexane (CYHA), dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), methanol (MeOH), and water (HO). HPLC-DAD was used to identify and quantify phenolic compounds, while volatile compounds were detected using GC-MS. The in vitro antioxidant capacity of the rutabaga seed extracts was evaluated through DPPH free radical scavenging activity. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity (15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) enzyme) was determined spectrophotometrically at the same concentration. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of the seed extracts was evaluated against human colon adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) and human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293) using the MTT assay. The rutabaga seed extracts obtained from EtOAc, MeOH, and HO were particularly rich in reducing sugars, ranging from 189.87 to 473.75 mg/g DW. The MeOH extract displayed the highest concentration of both sugars and polyphenols. Phytochemically, the HPLC-DAD analysis revealed the presence of four phenolic compounds in the tested extracts, including (±) synephrine, gallic acid, -coumaric acid, and -ferulic acid, newly discovered in rutabaga organs. Moreover, a total of ten volatile compounds were identified through GC-MS analysis, both before and after derivatization. At a concentration of 50 µg/mL, the methanol extract exhibited high antioxidant activity with 52.95% inhibition, while CYHA, DCM, and EtOAc exhibited moderate anti-15-LOX activity with less than 30% inhibition. Except for DCM and aqueous extracts, rutabaga seeds did not exhibit any anti-proliferative potential against Caco-2 cell lines. Interestingly, no cytotoxicity was registered for any of the seed extracts against the normal cell line HEK-293. Overall, the obtained data highlight the potential utilization of rutabaga seeds as a source of bioactive compounds in various fields, including pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and functional foods.
芜菁，也被称为瑞典萝卜，学名, 是一种两年生可食用的根茎类蔬菜，属于芸薹属，广泛种植于北欧和北美。本研究强调了通过浸渍法用极性递增的溶剂（环己烷（CYHA）、二氯甲烷（DCM）、乙酸乙酯（EtOAc）、甲醇（MeOH）和水（HO））获得的芜菁种子提取物的植物化学特征和体外生物特性。HPLC-DAD 用于鉴定和定量酚类化合物，而 GC-MS 用于检测挥发性化合物。通过 DPPH 自由基清除活性评估芜菁种子提取物的体外抗氧化能力。在相同浓度下，通过分光光度法测定体外抗炎活性（15-脂氧合酶（15-LOX）酶）。此外，通过 MTT 测定法评估种子提取物对人结肠腺癌细胞（Caco-2）和人胚肾细胞（HEK-293）的细胞毒性。从 EtOAc、MeOH 和 HO 获得的芜菁种子提取物特别富含还原糖，范围从 189.87 到 473.75 mg/g DW。MeOH 提取物显示出最高浓度的糖和多酚。HPLC-DAD 分析表明，在测试的提取物中存在四种酚类化合物，包括（±）辛弗林、没食子酸、-香豆酸和-阿魏酸，这些化合物在芜菁器官中是新发现的。此外，通过 GC-MS 分析，在衍生前后共鉴定出十种挥发性化合物。在 50 µg/mL 浓度下，甲醇提取物表现出高抗氧化活性，抑制率为 52.95%，而 CYHA、DCM 和 EtOAc 表现出中等的抗 15-LOX 活性，抑制率低于 30%。除 DCM 和水提物外，芜菁种子对 Caco-2 细胞系没有任何增殖抑制潜力。有趣的是，任何一种种子提取物对正常细胞系 HEK-293 均未显示出细胞毒性。总的来说，所得数据突出了芜菁种子作为药物、营养保健品和功能性食品等各个领域生物活性化合物的潜在利用价值。
