John A. Moran Eye Center, Salt Lake City , Utah , USA .
Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2013 Dec;21(6):478-85. doi: 10.3109/09273948.2013.815785. Epub 2013 Aug 19.
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common childhood rheumatic disease and the most prevalent systemic disorder in children with uveitis. The risk of developing uveitis is the greatest among patients with oligoarticular onset of disease. Clinical features of JIA-associated uveitis (JIAU) are nongranulomatous inflammation, anterior in location, insidious at onset, chronic course, and frequently asymptomatic in the absence of ocular structural complications. Uveitis in JIA can worsen over time with many sight-threatening complications, such as band keratopathy in the visual axis, posterior synechiae, cataract, secondary glaucoma, macular edema, hypotony, epiretinal membrane, and optic nerve edema. Different studies have pointed out that several factors are associated with poor prognosis, including young age at onset, male gender, short interval between diagnosis of arthritis and uveitis, severity of uveitis at onset, and antinuclear antibody (ANA) positivity. Although JIA associated-uveitis is still a serious blinding disease, we are at least able to identify the high-risk group.
幼年特发性关节炎（JIA）是儿童中最常见的风湿性疾病，也是葡萄膜炎中最常见的系统性疾病。寡关节起病的患者发生葡萄膜炎的风险最大。与 JIA 相关的葡萄膜炎（JIAU）的临床特征是非肉芽肿性炎症，位于前节，发病隐匿，呈慢性病程，在没有眼部结构并发症的情况下常无症状。随着时间的推移，JIA 中的葡萄膜炎可能会恶化，并伴有许多威胁视力的并发症，如视轴处的带状角膜病变、后粘连、白内障、继发性青光眼、黄斑水肿、低眼压、视网膜前膜和视神经水肿。不同的研究指出，一些因素与不良预后相关，包括发病年龄较小、男性、关节炎和葡萄膜炎诊断之间的间隔较短、发病时葡萄膜炎的严重程度以及抗核抗体（ANA）阳性。尽管 JIA 相关性葡萄膜炎仍然是一种严重的致盲性疾病，但我们至少能够识别出高危人群。
