Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Glob Health Action. 2013 Aug 16;6:20942. doi: 10.3402/gha.v6i0.20942.
The International Health Regulations (IHR) (2005) is a legal instrument binding all World Health Organization (WHO) member States. It aims to prevent and control public health emergencies of international concern. Country points of entry (POEs) have been identified as potential areas for effective interventions to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases across borders. The agreement postulates that member states will strengthen core capacities detailed in the IHR (2005), including those specified for the POE. This study intended to assess the challenges faced in implementing the IHR (2005) requirements at Julius Nyerere International Airport (JNIA), Dar es Salaam.
A cross-sectional, descriptive study, employing qualitative methods, was conducted at the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare (MoHSW), WHO, and JNIA. In-depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs) and documentary reviews were used to obtain relevant information. Respondents were purposively enrolled into the study. Thematic analysis was used to generate study findings.
Several challenges that hamper implementation of the IHR (2005) were identified: (1) none of the 42 Tanzanian POEs have been specifically designated to implement IHR (2005). (2) Implementation of the IHR (2005) at the POE was complicated as it falls under various uncoordinated government departments. Although there were clear communication channels at JNIA that enhanced reliable risk communication, the airport lacked isolated rooms specific for emergence preparedness and response to public health events.
JNIA is yet to develop adequate core capacities required for implementation of the IHR (2005). There is a need for policy managers to designate JNIA to implement IHR (2005) and ensure that public health policies, legislations, guidelines, and practice at POE are harmonized to improve international travel and trade. Policy makers and implementers should also ensure that implementation of the IHR (2005) follow the policy implementation framework, particularly the contextual interaction theory which calls for the availability of adequate resources (inputs) and well-organized process for the successful implementation of the policy.
《国际卫生条例（2005）》是一项对世界卫生组织（世卫组织）所有成员国具有约束力的法律文书。它旨在预防和控制国际关注的突发公共卫生事件。入境口岸已被确定为在边境防止传染病传播的有效干预的潜在领域。该协议规定，成员国将加强《国际卫生条例（2005）》（以下简称《条例》）详述的核心能力，包括入境口岸的规定。本研究旨在评估在达累斯萨拉姆朱利叶斯·尼雷尔国际机场（JNIA）实施《条例》（2005）要求面临的挑战。
本研究采用横断面描述性研究设计，采用定性方法，在卫生部和社会福利部（MoHSW）、世卫组织和 JNIA 进行。采用深入访谈、焦点小组讨论（FGD）和文献回顾收集相关信息。通过目的性抽样纳入研究对象。采用主题分析生成研究结果。
确定了妨碍实施《条例》（2005）的几个挑战：（1）在 42 个坦桑尼亚入境口岸中，没有一个专门指定实施《条例》（2005）。（2）在入境口岸实施《条例》（2005）较为复杂，因为它属于多个不协调的政府部门。尽管 JNIA 有明确的沟通渠道来加强可靠的风险沟通，但机场缺乏用于突发卫生事件应急准备和应对的隔离室。
JNIA 尚未具备实施《条例》（2005）所需的足够核心能力。政策管理者需要指定 JNIA 实施《条例》（2005），并确保入境口岸的公共卫生政策、法规、准则和实践相协调，以促进国际旅行和贸易。政策制定者和执行者还应确保《条例》（2005）的实施遵循政策实施框架，特别是呼吁提供充足资源（投入）和组织良好的程序的情境互动理论，以成功实施该政策。
