Bos Nick, Roussel Edith, Giurfa Martin, d'Ettorre Patrizia
Anim Cogn. 2014 Mar;17(2):399-406. doi: 10.1007/s10071-013-0671-6.
Appetitive and aversive learning drive an animal toward or away from stimuli predicting reinforcement, respectively. The specificity of these memories may vary due to differences in cost–benefit relationships associated with appetitive and aversive contexts. As a consequence, generalization performances may differ after appetitive and aversive training. Here, we determined whether honey bees show different rates of olfactory generalization following appetitive olfactory conditioning of the proboscis extension response, or aversive olfactory conditioning of the sting extension response. In both cases, we performed differential conditioning, which improves discrimination learning between a reinforced odor (CS?) and a non-reinforced odor (CS-) and evaluated generalization to two novel odors whose similarity to the CS? and the CS- was different. We show, given the same level of discriminatory performance, that rates of generalization are similar between the two conditioning protocols and discuss the possible causes for this phenomenon.
趋近性学习和厌恶性学习分别驱使动物趋向或远离预测强化的刺激。由于与趋近性和厌恶性情境相关的成本效益关系存在差异，这些记忆的特异性可能会有所不同。因此，在趋近性和厌恶性训练后，泛化表现可能会有所不同。在这里，我们确定了蜜蜂在对伸吻反应进行趋近性嗅觉条件反射或对伸刺反应进行厌恶性嗅觉条件反射后，是否表现出不同的嗅觉泛化率。在这两种情况下，我们都进行了差异条件反射，这提高了对强化气味（CS+）和非强化气味（CS-）之间的辨别学习，并评估了对两种与CS+和CS-相似度不同的新气味的泛化。我们表明，在相同的辨别表现水平下，两种条件反射方案之间的泛化率相似，并讨论了这种现象的可能原因。
