后生动物模型中 miRNA 靶调控的原理。

Basic Neurosciences Division, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Soranou Efesiou 4, Athens 11527, Greece.

Int J Mol Sci. 2013 Aug 7;14(8):16280-302. doi: 10.3390/ijms140816280.

MicroRNAs (miRs) are key post-transcriptional regulators that silence gene expression by direct base pairing to target sites of RNAs. They have a wide variety of tissue expression patterns and are differentially expressed during development and disease. Their activity and abundance is subject to various levels of control ranging from transcription and biogenesis to miR response elements on RNAs, target cellular levels and miR turnover. This review summarizes and discusses current knowledge on the regulation of miR activity and concludes with novel non-canonical functions that have recently emerged.

微小 RNA（miRs）是关键的转录后调控因子，通过与 RNA 靶位点的直接碱基配对来沉默基因表达。它们在组织中有广泛的表达模式，并在发育和疾病过程中表现出不同的表达。它们的活性和丰度受到各种水平的控制，包括转录和生物发生，以及 RNA 上的 miR 反应元件、靶细胞水平和 miR 周转率。本综述总结并讨论了 miR 活性的调控的最新知识，并以最近出现的新型非经典功能结束。