Bonney E Y, Addo N A, Ntim N A A, Addo-Yobo F, Bondzie P, Aryee K-E, Barnor J, Brandful J, Bekoe V, Ohene S-A, Ampofo W
Virology Dept, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
Ghana Med J. 2013 Jun;47(2):82-6.
As access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) increases, the emergence and transmission of HIV drug resistant strains becomes a major problem. The World Health Organization (WHO) therefore recommends an initial minimum-resource method to signal when transmitted HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) requires action.
This survey sought to generate information on the presence of HIV drug-resistant strains in the locality where Ghana's ART for HIV was first introduced.
The Ghana HIVDR threshold survey (TS) was conducted and analyzed according to WHO strategy for surveillance of HIVDR in the Eastern Region of Ghana. Sixty (60) plasma specimens were collected from 2007 to 2009 by an unlinked anonymous method from HIV seropositive pregnant women, aged between 15 to24 years, who were with their first pregnancy and ART naive. Genotyping was done as follows; Ribonucleic acid (RNA) was extracted from the samples and the protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT) genes amplified and sequenced. The sequences were then analyzed for HIV drug resistance mutations using Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Database.
Only two individuals were found with major HIVDR mutations: one each in the PR and RT genes. Thus the level of HIVDR in the study population in 2009 was classified as low (< 5%).
As at February 2009, transmitted drug resistance was not a serious problem in the Eastern Region of Ghana. However, it is important to continue monitoring tHIVDR in order to understand the dynamics of the evolution of HIV drug resistance in the country.
随着抗逆转录病毒疗法（ART）的可及性增加，HIV耐药菌株的出现和传播成为一个主要问题。因此，世界卫生组织（WHO）推荐了一种初始的最低资源方法，以表明何时需要对传播的HIV耐药性（HIVDR）采取行动。
本调查旨在获取有关加纳首次引入HIV抗逆转录病毒疗法地区HIV耐药菌株存在情况的信息。
根据WHO在加纳东部地区监测HIVDR的策略，开展并分析了加纳HIVDR阈值调查（TS）。2007年至2009年期间，通过非关联匿名方法，从年龄在15至24岁之间、首次怀孕且未接受过ART的HIV血清阳性孕妇中采集了60份血浆样本。基因分型如下进行：从样本中提取核糖核酸（RNA），并对蛋白酶（PR）和逆转录酶（RT）基因进行扩增和测序。然后使用斯坦福大学HIV耐药数据库分析序列中的HIV耐药突变。
仅发现两名个体存在主要的HIVDR突变：PR基因和RT基因各有一例。因此，2009年研究人群中的HIVDR水平被归类为低水平（<5%）。
截至2009年2月，传播性耐药在加纳东部地区并非严重问题。然而，持续监测传播性HIV耐药性对于了解该国HIV耐药性演变动态很重要。
