Panteli Flora N, Theodorou Apostolos, Pilianidis Theophilos, Smirniotou Athanasia
a National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science , EthnikisAntistaseos 41, 17237 Dafni - Attiki , Greece.
J Sports Sci. 2014;32(2):149-56. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2013.810344. Epub 2013 Aug 22.
We examine the presence of visually regulated control in young, novice long jumpers as they approach the takeoff board. The approach run of 27 novice jumpers (age 12-13 years) practising jump training for a short period was video-recorded during competition. Findings revealed that young, novice participants adjust the length of the final steps of their approach run, suggesting the presence of visual control. Step regulation commenced on the fifth and fourth step from the board for boys and girls respectively. Their pattern of footfall variability was found to be comparable to that of skilled long jumpers, although young, novice participants presented slightly higher variability. It appears that even a limited period of jump training may contribute to a more consistent run-up as well as to smaller takeoff error, offsetting the limitations imposed by the partially developed cognitive abilities and perceptual awareness of young athletes.
我们研究了年轻的新手跳远运动员在接近起跳板时视觉调节控制的存在情况。对27名（年龄在12至13岁之间）短期进行跳跃训练的新手跳远运动员在比赛期间的助跑进行了视频记录。研究结果表明，年轻的新手参与者会调整助跑最后几步的长度，这表明存在视觉控制。男孩和女孩分别从离起跳板的第五步和第四步开始进行步幅调节。尽管年轻的新手参与者的脚步落点变化略大，但发现他们的脚步落点变化模式与熟练的跳远运动员相当。看来，即使是有限时间的跳跃训练也可能有助于更连贯的助跑以及更小的起跳误差，从而抵消年轻运动员认知能力和感知意识发育不完全所带来的限制。
