Scott M A, Li F X, Davids K
School of Social Sciences, University of Teesside, Middlesbrough, Cleveland, UK.
J Sports Sci. 1997 Dec;15(6):597-605. doi: 10.1080/026404197367038.
In the approach phase of the long jump, athletes attempt to strike the take-off board accurately with minimum loss of speed, and in an optimum body position for take-off. Previous research has shown that skilled long jumpers demonstrate an ascending-descending trend of variability rather than a consistent pattern of foot placement over trials. The present study examined whether non-long jumpers showed a similar pattern of variability in footfall placement between trials to skilled long jumpers. Consistency of foot placement over trials for non-long jumpers (n = 11) was determined using a panned video camera. Digitization of the foot position provided toe-board distances during the run-up phase. Our results showed that non-long jumpers have a similar pattern of descending variability near to the take-off board to expert long jumpers, suggesting the use of visual regulation. However, in comparison to more skilled subjects, non-long jumpers accumulated a considerably larger maximum mean standard deviation in footfall placement between trials (58 cm). Since non-long jumpers had no previous task-specific training, these data extend our current understanding of the regulation of goal-directed gait.
在跳远的助跑阶段，运动员试图以最小的速度损失准确地踏上起跳板，并处于最佳的起跳身体姿势。先前的研究表明，熟练的跳远运动员在多次试跳中表现出一种先上升后下降的变异性趋势，而不是一致的踏板位置模式。本研究调查了非跳远运动员在多次试跳中落脚点位置的变异性模式是否与熟练的跳远运动员相似。使用平移摄像机确定了11名非跳远运动员在多次试跳中踏板位置的一致性。脚部位置的数字化提供了助跑阶段脚趾与起跳板之间的距离。我们的结果表明，非跳远运动员在靠近起跳板处具有与专业跳远运动员相似的变异性下降模式，这表明他们使用了视觉调节。然而，与更熟练的受试者相比，非跳远运动员在多次试跳中落脚点位置的最大平均标准差积累得要大得多（58厘米）。由于非跳远运动员此前没有进行过特定任务训练，这些数据扩展了我们目前对目标导向步态调节的理解。
