Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0946, USA.
Expert Rev Med Devices. 2013 Sep;10(5):621-8. doi: 10.1586/17434440.2013.827505. Epub 2013 Aug 23.
The introduction of optical coherence tomography (OCT) has revolutionized ophthalmology through the ability to non-invasively image the retina in vivo. Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Despite major advances in imaging techniques, the pathogenesis of glaucoma remains poorly understood at present. The lamina cribrosa (LC) is the presumed site of axonal injury in glaucoma. Its thinning and deformation have been suggested to contribute to glaucoma development and progression by impeding axoplasmic flow within the optic nerve fibers, leading to apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells. To visualize the deep ocular structures such as the choroid and the LC, OCT imaging has been used, particularly the enhanced depth imaging (EDI)-OCT modality of spectral domain (SD)-OCT. However, the posterior laminar surface especially is not seen clearly using this method. A new generation of OCTs, swept-source (SS)-OCT, is able to image the LC and the choroid in vivo. SS-OCT employs a longer wavelength compared with the conventional OCT, generally set at 1050 nm (instead of 840 nm). We review current knowledge of the LC, findings from trials that use SD-OCT and EDI-OCT, and our experience with a prototype SS-OCT to quantify choroid changes and visualize the LC in its entirety.
光学相干断层扫描（OCT）的引入通过能够无创地对活体视网膜进行成像，从而彻底改变了眼科学。青光眼是全球导致不可逆性失明的主要原因。尽管成像技术取得了重大进展，但目前对青光眼的发病机制仍了解甚少。筛板（LC）被认为是青光眼轴突损伤的部位。其变薄和变形被认为通过阻碍视神经纤维内的轴浆流导致视网膜神经节细胞凋亡，从而促进青光眼的发展和进展。为了可视化深层眼部结构，如脉络膜和 LC，已经使用 OCT 成像，特别是光谱域（SD）-OCT 的增强深度成像（EDI）-OCT 模式。然而，使用这种方法无法清楚地看到后层表面。新一代的 OCT，即扫频源（SS）-OCT，能够对活体 LC 和脉络膜进行成像。SS-OCT 与传统 OCT 相比使用更长的波长，通常设置为 1050nm（而不是 840nm）。我们回顾了 LC 的现有知识，SD-OCT 和 EDI-OCT 试验的结果，以及我们使用原型 SS-OCT 定量脉络膜变化并全面可视化 LC 的经验。
