School of Languages and Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (InsCer), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Phys Life Rev. 2013 Dec;10(4):428-43. doi: 10.1016/j.plrev.2013.07.020. Epub 2013 Jul 30.
The goal of the present review is to discuss recent cognitive neuroscientific findings concerning bilingualism. Three interrelated questions about the bilingual brain are addressed: How are multiple languages represented in the brain? how are languages controlled in the brain? and what are the real-world implications of experience with multiple languages? The review is based on neuroimaging research findings about the nature of bilingual processing, namely, how the brain adapts to accommodate multiple languages in the bilingual brain and to control which language should be used, and when. We also address how this adaptation results in differences observed in the general cognition of bilingual individuals. General implications for models of human learning, plasticity, and cognitive control are discussed.
本次综述的目的是讨论关于双语的认知神经科学的最新发现。本文针对双语大脑提出了三个相互关联的问题：大脑中如何呈现多种语言？大脑如何控制语言？以及使用多种语言的实际影响是什么？本综述基于关于双语处理本质的神经影像学研究发现，即大脑如何适应双语大脑中的多种语言并控制应使用哪种语言以及何时使用。我们还探讨了这种适应如何导致双语个体一般认知中观察到的差异。讨论了对人类学习、可塑性和认知控制模型的一般影响。
