Dahiru T, Ejembi C L
Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Niger J Clin Pract. 2013 Oct-Dec;16(4):511-6. doi: 10.4103/1119-3077.116903.
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are major causes of morbidity and mortality particularly for developing countries. Large proportion of all NCDs deaths are occurring in low- and -middle-income countries are estimated to occur in people under 70-years-old. These low- and middle-income are undergoing epidemiological transition which allows the concomitant occurrence of both communicable and NCDs due to adoption of western life-style that predisposes them to development of these diseases. It is also known that there are risk-factors that tend to cluster in individuals and make them more susceptible to NCDs especially cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Among NCDs, CVDs constitute the largest share responsible for 48% of all deaths due to NCDs. To determine extend of clustering of these risk-factors in a semi-urban community in northern Nigeria, a population-based study was carried out.
This study was conducted in Dakace, a semi-urban settlement near Zaria. A simple random sampling of 199 eligible respondents out of 424 was adopted to select study participants. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic information, smoking habits, alcohol consumption as well as level of physical activity. The following measurements were carried out on these respondents: Blood pressure (BP), fasting blood glucose, serum lipids, weight, and height to calculate body mass index (BMI).
There were of 199 participants: 94 males (47.2%) and 105 females (52.8%) with an overall mean age of 39.9 ± 15.6 years. About 20% had no risk factor; more females than males had risk-factors. Proportion of subjects with risk-factors increase with increasing BMI, particularly high BP; physical activity does not protect subjects from developing risk-factors.
This study clearly shows that CVD risk-factors are prevalent even in segment of the population that hitherto may be considered free and the prevalence of these risk-factors are high compared to some obtained from other part of Nigeria.
非传染性疾病（NCDs）是发病和死亡的主要原因，对发展中国家而言尤为如此。据估计，所有非传染性疾病死亡中有很大一部分发生在低收入和中等收入国家，且这些死亡发生在70岁以下人群中。这些低收入和中等收入国家正在经历流行病学转变，由于采用了西方生活方式，使得传染病和非传染性疾病同时出现，而这种生活方式使人们易患这些疾病。众所周知，一些风险因素往往在个体中聚集，使他们更容易患非传染性疾病，尤其是心血管疾病（CVDs）。在非传染性疾病中，心血管疾病占比最大，占所有非传染性疾病死亡人数的48%。为了确定尼日利亚北部一个半城市社区中这些风险因素的聚集程度，开展了一项基于人群的研究。
本研究在扎里亚附近的一个半城市定居点达卡塞进行。从424名符合条件的受访者中采用简单随机抽样的方法选取了199名研究参与者。通过访谈员填写的问卷收集社会人口学信息、吸烟习惯、饮酒情况以及身体活动水平。对这些受访者进行了以下测量：血压（BP）、空腹血糖、血脂、体重和身高，以计算体重指数（BMI）。
共有199名参与者，其中94名男性（47.2%）和105名女性（52.8%），总体平均年龄为39.9±15.6岁。约20%的人没有风险因素；有风险因素的女性多于男性。有风险因素的受试者比例随着BMI的增加而增加，尤其是高血压；身体活动并不能保护受试者不产生风险因素。
本研究清楚地表明，心血管疾病风险因素即使在迄今可能被认为没有风险的人群中也很普遍，而且与从尼日利亚其他地区获得的一些数据相比，这些风险因素的患病率很高。
