Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan. yohshima@u−fukui.ac.jp
Allergol Int. 2013 Sep;62(3):279-89. doi: 10.2332/allergolint.13-RAI-0585.
Mucosal barriers encounter an environment that is rich in pathogens that possess mechanisms for invading mucosal tissues. These barriers also encounter innocuous antigens, such as foods, airborne antigens, and microbiota. The mucosa has developed a sophisticated immune system that can mount robust immune responses against pathogenic antigens, while maintaining mucosal tolerance against non-pathogenic antigens. Accumulating evidence indicates that the mucosal epithelium, dendritic cells, and a subtype of T cells with regulatory properties play important roles in the development and maintenance of mucosal tolerance. Moreover, the micribiota also contribute to regulating the mucosal immune system. A failure to develop or the breakdown of mucosal tolerance can result in allergic diseases, such as food allergy and asthma. By taking advantage of the unique characteristics of the mucosal immune system, strategies that induce regulatory cells in vivo and, thereby, reconstitute mucosal tolerance may be used to develop novel therapies that are suitable for treating or preventing of allergic diseases.
黏膜屏障面临着富含病原体的环境，这些病原体具有侵袭黏膜组织的机制。这些屏障还会遇到无害抗原，如食物、空气传播的抗原和微生物群。黏膜已经发展出一种复杂的免疫系统，可以对致病抗原产生强烈的免疫反应，同时对非致病抗原保持黏膜耐受。越来越多的证据表明，黏膜上皮细胞、树突状细胞和具有调节特性的 T 细胞亚群在黏膜耐受的形成和维持中发挥重要作用。此外，微生物群也有助于调节黏膜免疫系统。黏膜耐受的发育失败或破坏可导致过敏性疾病，如食物过敏和哮喘。利用黏膜免疫系统的独特特征，体内诱导调节细胞并重建黏膜耐受的策略可用于开发新的治疗方法，以治疗或预防过敏性疾病。
