Madrazo Catinca
Ventura County Medical Center, 3291 Loma Vista Road, Ventura, CA 93003, USA.
FP Essent. 2013 Aug;411:16-22.
Women are more likely to have atypical cardiovascular symptoms compared with men. This may lead to delayed diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) and suboptimal treatment. The exercise stress test is the initial test for women with suspected or known CAD. The addition of imaging (eg, echocardiography, nuclear medicine, computed tomography scan, magnetic resonance imaging) to the exercise component may improve the diagnostic value of the test. Drugs used to manage CAD in women include antiplatelets, beta blockers, lipid-lowering drugs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, and nitrates. Invasive therapy with angioplasty or bypass surgery is performed less frequently in women than in men. Women may present with acute coronary syndrome and atypical symptoms. Initial treatment should be the same for men and women. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a rare condition that is seen more frequently in older, postmenopausal women.
与男性相比，女性更易出现非典型心血管症状。这可能导致冠状动脉疾病（CAD）诊断延迟及治疗效果欠佳。运动负荷试验是疑似或确诊CAD女性的初始检查。在运动部分增加成像检查（如超声心动图、核医学、计算机断层扫描、磁共振成像）可能会提高该检查的诊断价值。用于治疗女性CAD的药物包括抗血小板药物、β受体阻滞剂、降脂药物、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂、钙通道阻滞剂和硝酸盐类药物。与男性相比，女性接受血管成形术或搭桥手术等侵入性治疗的频率较低。女性可能表现为急性冠状动脉综合征及非典型症状。男性和女性的初始治疗应相同。Takotsubo心肌病是一种罕见疾病，在老年绝经后女性中更为常见。
