Figueiredo Pedro, Rouard Annie, Vilas-Boas João Paulo, Fernandes Ricardo J
Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido Costa, 91 4200-450 Porto, Portugal.
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2013 Jul;38(7):716-24. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2012-0263. Epub 2013 Feb 4.
The aim of this study was to investigate how upper- and lower-limb muscle fatigue evolves in a 200-m front crawl swimming race. Surface electromyography signals were collected from the flexor carpi radialis, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, pectoralis major, upper trapezius, tibialis anterior, biceps femoris, and rectus femoris muscles of 10 international-level swimmers; 4 underwater cameras were used for kinematic analysis. In addition, blood lactate was measured before and after the test using capillary blood samples. Swimming speed and stroke length decreased from the beginning to the end of the effort, whereas stroke frequency increased after an initial decrease to maintain speed. Concomitant with the decrease in speed, blood lactate increased to 11.12 (1.65) mmol·L(-1). The changes in stroke parameters were associated with an increase in integrated electromyography (20%-25%) and a decrease in spectral parameters (40%-60%) for all of the upper-limb muscles, indicating the reaching of submaximal fatigue. The fatigue process did not occur regularly during the 8 laps of the 200 m but was specific for each muscle and each subject. Lower-limb muscles did not present signals of fatigue, confirming their lower contribution to swimming propulsion. The test was conducted to individualize the training process to each muscle and each subject.
本研究的目的是调查在200米自由泳比赛中上肢和下肢肌肉疲劳是如何演变的。从10名国际水平游泳运动员的桡侧腕屈肌、肱二头肌、肱三头肌、胸大肌、上斜方肌、胫骨前肌、股二头肌和股直肌采集表面肌电图信号；使用4台水下摄像机进行运动学分析。此外，在测试前后使用毛细血管血样测量血乳酸。从开始到结束，游泳速度和划水长度下降，而划频在最初下降后增加以保持速度。随着速度的下降，血乳酸增加到11.12（1.65）mmol·L⁻¹。所有上肢肌肉的划水参数变化与肌电图积分增加（20%-25%）和频谱参数下降（40%-60%）相关，表明达到了次最大疲劳。在200米的8圈中，疲劳过程并非规律出现，而是因肌肉和个体而异。下肢肌肉未出现疲劳信号，证实其对游泳推进的贡献较小。该测试旨在针对每个肌肉和每个个体进行个性化训练。
