MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2013 Aug 30;62(34):685-93.
At ages 11 through 12 years, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends that preteens receive 1 dose of tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine, 1 dose of meningococcal conjugate (MenACWY) vaccine, and 3 doses of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. ACIP recommends administration of all age-appropriate vaccines during a single visit. ACIP also recommends that pre-teens and older adolescents receive an annual influenza vaccine as well as any overdue vaccines (e.g., varicella). To monitor vaccination coverage among persons aged 13-17 years, CDC analyzed data from the National Immunization Survey-Teen (NIS-Teen). This report highlights findings of that analysis. From 2011 to 2012, coverage increased for ≥1 Tdap vaccine dose (from 78.2% to 84.6%), ≥1 MenACWY vaccine dose (from 70.5% to 74.0%) and, among males, ≥1 HPV vaccine dose (from 8.3% to 20.8%). Among females, vaccination coverage estimates for each HPV vaccine series dose were similar in 2012 compared with 2011. Coverage varied substantially among states. Regarding Healthy People 2020 targets for adolescents, 36 states achieved targets for Tdap, 12 for MenACWY, and nine for varicella vaccine coverage. Large and increasing coverage differences between Tdap and other vaccines recommended for adolescents indicate that substantial missed opportunities remain for vaccinating teens, especially against HPV infection. Health-care providers should administer recommended HPV and meningococcal vaccinations to boys and girls during the same visits when Tdap vaccine is given. In addition, whether for health problems or well-checks, providers, parents, and adolescents should use every health-care visit as an opportunity to review adolescents' immunization histories and ensure that every adolescent is fully vaccinated.
在 11 至 12 岁时，免疫实践咨询委员会（ACIP）建议青少年接种 1 剂破伤风、白喉和无细胞百日咳（Tdap）疫苗、1 剂脑膜炎球菌结合疫苗（MenACWY）和 3 剂人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）疫苗。ACIP 建议在一次就诊时同时接种所有适龄疫苗。ACIP 还建议青少年和大龄青少年每年接种流感疫苗，并补种所有过期疫苗（如水痘疫苗）。为监测 13-17 岁人群的疫苗接种率，CDC 分析了国家免疫调查-青少年（NIS-Teen）的数据。本报告重点介绍了该分析的结果。从 2011 年到 2012 年，至少接种 1 剂 Tdap 疫苗（从 78.2%增至 84.6%）、至少接种 1 剂 MenACWY 疫苗（从 70.5%增至 74.0%）和男性至少接种 1 剂 HPV 疫苗（从 8.3%增至 20.8%）的比例有所增加。在女性中，2012 年与 2011 年相比，HPV 疫苗各系列剂量的疫苗接种率估计值相似。各州之间的差异很大。关于青少年的 2020 年健康人目标，36 个州达到了 Tdap 目标，12 个州达到了 MenACWY 目标，9 个州达到了水痘疫苗覆盖率目标。青少年推荐接种的 Tdap 和其他疫苗之间存在巨大且不断增加的覆盖率差异，表明为青少年接种疫苗，特别是预防 HPV 感染，仍然存在大量未被利用的机会。卫生保健提供者应在青少年接种 Tdap 疫苗的同时，为男孩和女孩接种推荐的 HPV 和脑膜炎球菌疫苗。此外，无论是出于健康问题还是健康检查，提供者、家长和青少年都应利用每次就诊机会，审查青少年的免疫史，并确保每个青少年都已完全接种疫苗。
