J Acad Nutr Diet. 2013 Dec;113(12):1610-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2013.06.349. Epub 2013 Aug 27.
Differences in nutrient profiles between vegetarian and nonvegetarian dietary patterns reflect nutritional differences that can contribute to the development of disease.
Our aim was to compare nutrient intakes between dietary patterns characterized by consumption or exclusion of meat and dairy products.
We conducted a cross-sectional study of 71,751 subjects (mean age=59 years) from the Adventist Health Study 2. Data were collected between 2002 and 2007. Participants completed a 204-item validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns compared were nonvegetarian, semi-vegetarian, pesco vegetarian, lacto-ovo vegetarian, and strict vegetarian. Analysis of covariance was used to analyze differences in nutrient intakes by dietary patterns and was adjusted for age, sex, and race. Body mass index and other relevant demographic data were reported and compared by dietary pattern using χ(2) tests and analysis of variance.
Many nutrient intakes varied significantly between dietary patterns. Nonvegetarians had the lowest intakes of plant proteins, fiber, beta carotene, and magnesium compared with those following vegetarian dietary patterns, and the highest intakes of saturated, trans, arachidonic, and docosahexaenoic fatty acids. The lower tails of some nutrient distributions in strict vegetarians suggested inadequate intakes by a portion of the subjects. Energy intake was similar among dietary patterns at close to 2,000 kcal/day, with the exception of semi-vegetarians, who had an intake of 1,707 kcal/day. Mean body mass index was highest in nonvegetarians (mean=28.7 [standard deviation=6.4]) and lowest in strict vegetarians (mean=24.0 [standard deviation=4.8]).
Nutrient profiles varied markedly among dietary patterns that were defined by meat and dairy intakes. These differences are of interest in the etiology of obesity and chronic diseases.
素食和非素食饮食模式之间的营养成分差异反映了营养差异，这些差异可能导致疾病的发生。
我们旨在比较以摄入或排除肉类和奶制品为特征的饮食模式之间的营养素摄入量。
我们对来自 Adventist Health Study 2 的 71751 名受试者（平均年龄=59 岁）进行了一项横断面研究。数据收集于 2002 年至 2007 年之间。参与者完成了一份 204 项验证过的半定量食物频率问卷。比较的饮食模式是非素食、半素食、鱼素食、乳蛋素食和严格素食。采用协方差分析比较不同饮食模式下的营养素摄入量，并根据年龄、性别和种族进行调整。使用 χ(2)检验和方差分析报告和比较按饮食模式分类的体重指数和其他相关人口统计学数据。
许多营养素的摄入量在饮食模式之间存在显著差异。与素食饮食模式相比，非素食者的植物蛋白、纤维、β-胡萝卜素和镁摄入量最低，而饱和、反式、花生四烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸脂肪酸的摄入量最高。严格素食者的一些营养素分布的低端表明部分受试者的摄入量不足。接近 2000 千卡/天的能量摄入量在饮食模式之间相似，除了半素食者，他们的摄入量为 1707 千卡/天。非素食者的平均体重指数最高（均值=28.7[标准差=6.4]），严格素食者的平均体重指数最低（均值=24.0[标准差=4.8]）。
以肉类和奶制品摄入量为特征的饮食模式之间的营养成分差异明显。这些差异在肥胖和慢性疾病的病因学中具有重要意义。
