Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, D2-1(510) Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Urbanization & Ecological Restoration, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2014 Feb;21(3):1905-1914. doi: 10.1007/s11356-013-2006-1. Epub 2013 Sep 3.
Regional material flows are strongly influenced by human diets. To diagnose and prevent environmental problems that threaten urban sustainability, the impact of human diet changes with rapid urbanization on the regional nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) flows were quantitatively evaluated. A survey of day-to-day activities was conducted of 450 individuals surveyed (adults over 18 years old) in three representative areas (the central district, the new district, and the suburban/rural areas) of Shanghai, a megacity which has attracted worldwide attention. The lifestyle (eating habits, domestic sanitation, drainage facilities, etc.) pattern was determined and the potential N and P loads from human diets on the environment were calculated. The daily potential nitrogen and phosphorus loads from human diets was 19.36 g-N, 1.80 g-P in the central district, 16.48 g-N, 1.52 g-P in the new district, and 13.04 g-N, 1.20 g-P in the suburban/rural areas of Shanghai. Respondents in all three areas, especially those in the suburban/rural areas reported a preference for increasing the intake of animal-derived as well as processed foods, which means that the potential N and P load from human diets to the environment will increase further. In addition, most respondents consider industrial wastewater discharge as the main cause of eutrophication of waterbodies, though in recent years water pollution caused by domestic wastewater has increased rapidly, but this has received much less attention. Environment-friendly eating habits and improvements in the environmental awareness will be required.
区域物质流受到人类饮食的强烈影响。为了诊断和预防威胁城市可持续性的环境问题，需要定量评估人类饮食随着快速城市化而发生变化对区域氮（N）和磷（P）流动的影响。对上海市三个代表性区域（市中心区、新城区和郊区/农村地区）的 450 名被调查者（18 岁以上的成年人）进行了日常活动调查。确定了生活方式（饮食习惯、家庭卫生、排水设施等）模式，并计算了人类饮食对环境的潜在 N 和 P 负荷。上海市中心区、新城区和郊区/农村地区人类饮食的每日潜在氮和磷负荷分别为 19.36 克-N、1.80 克-P、16.48 克-N、1.52 克-P 和 13.04 克-N、1.20 克-P。所有三个地区的受访者，尤其是郊区/农村地区的受访者报告说，他们更喜欢增加动物源性和加工食品的摄入量，这意味着人类饮食对环境的潜在 N 和 P 负荷将进一步增加。此外，尽管近年来生活污水造成的水污染迅速增加，但大多数受访者认为工业废水排放是水体富营养化的主要原因，而对这一问题的关注较少。需要养成环保的饮食习惯和提高环境意识。
