Lehavot Keren, Molina Yamile, Simoni Jane M
VA Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 S. Columbian Way, Seattle, WA 98108, USA. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Sex Roles. 2012 Sep 1;67(5-6):272-284. doi: 10.1007/s11199-012-0171-1.
Several studies have demonstrated that lesbian and bisexual women are more likely than heterosexual women to report childhood abuse and adult sexual assault. It is unknown, however, which sexual minority women are most likely to experience such abuse. We recruited adult sexual minority women living in the US through electronic fliers sent to listservs and website groups inviting them to complete an online survey (=1,243). We examined differences in both childhood abuse and adult sexual assault by women's current gender identity (i.e., , , , or ) and a continuous measure of gender expression (from butch/masculine to femme/feminine), adjusting for sexual orientation identity, age, education, and income. Results indicated that a more butch/masculine current self-assessment of gender expression, but not gender identity, was associated with more overall reported childhood trauma. Although one aspect of gender expression, a more butch/masculine gender role, was associated with adult sexual assault, feminine appearance and a femme gender identity also significantly predicted adult sexual assault. These findings highlight the significance of gender identity and expression in identifying women at greater risk for various abuse experiences.
多项研究表明，女同性恋和双性恋女性比异性恋女性更有可能报告童年期受虐和成年期遭受性侵犯的经历。然而，尚不清楚哪些性少数群体女性最有可能经历此类虐待。我们通过发送到邮件列表和网站群组的电子传单招募了居住在美国的成年性少数群体女性，邀请她们完成一项在线调查（n = 1243）。我们根据女性当前的性别认同（即女同性恋、双性恋、酷儿或其他）以及性别表达的连续测量指标（从阳刚/男性化到阴柔/女性化），对童年期受虐和成年期遭受性侵犯的差异进行了研究，并对性取向认同、年龄、教育程度和收入进行了调整。结果表明，当前对性别表达的阳刚/男性化自我评估更高，而非性别认同，与报告的总体童年创伤更多相关。虽然性别表达的一个方面，即更阳刚/男性化的性别角色，与成年期遭受性侵犯有关，但女性化外表和阴柔的性别认同也显著预测了成年期遭受性侵犯的情况。这些发现凸显了性别认同和表达在识别遭受各种虐待经历风险更高的女性方面的重要性。
