Ferrer-Perez Victoria A, Bosch-Fiol Esperanza, Ferreiro-Basurto Virginia, Delgado-Alvarez Carmen, Sánchez-Prada Andrés
Faculty of Psychology, University of Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.
Faculty of Psychology, Pontifical University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2020 Sep 8;11:2147. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02147. eCollection 2020.
Intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) is an epidemic social and public health problem. Research has consistently found evidence for a complex etiology of IPVAW resulting from the interaction of many factors, among which gender-related norms and attitudes are among the main drivers of this violence. Public attitudes toward IPVAW are especially important because attitudes rejecting, condoning, or fostering such behavior are social factors that contribute to a climate of tolerance or refusal that can shape the social environment in which such violence takes place. Given the importance of these attitudes, the availability of reliable, valid, and concise measures is critical for both research and intervention purposes. The evidence shows a probable bias of direct or explicit assessment measures of IPVAW attitudes, and it has been suggested that they should be complemented by indirect or implicit measures. In this context, the main aim of this paper was to examine how implicit and explicit attitudes toward IPVAW differ among a Spanish population. An opportunity sample of 693 students took part in this study. Two direct or explicit measures (the Inventory of Distorted Thoughts about Women and Violence, IPDMV, and the Inventory of Beliefs about Intimate Partner Violence, IBIPV) and one indirect or implicit measure [the Gender Violence Implicit Association Test (GV-IAT), a personalized form of the Implicit Association Test (IAT)] were applied. The results obtained show that the psychometric characteristics of the implicit measure used (GV-IAT) are acceptable. Additionally, we obtained significant differences by gender, IPVAW knowledge, IPVAW involvement, and political opinion when we measured IPVAW attitudes by implicit measures. However, when we measured these attitudes by explicit measures, we only obtained significant differences by gender and political opinion. Finally, the results highlight the important differences between the levels of strong IPVAW rejection measured with explicit and implicit measures, confirming the traditional discrepancy between explicit and implicit measures of attitudes. In summary, the results obtained provide additional support for the idea that GV-IAT constitutes a promising assessment tool to complement explicit measures for attitudes toward IPVAW.
亲密伴侣对女性的暴力行为（IPVAW）是一个泛滥的社会和公共卫生问题。研究一直发现有证据表明，IPVAW的病因复杂，是多种因素相互作用的结果，其中与性别相关的规范和态度是这种暴力行为的主要驱动因素之一。公众对IPVAW的态度尤为重要，因为拒绝、纵容或助长这种行为的态度是促成容忍或拒绝氛围的社会因素，这种氛围会塑造此类暴力行为发生的社会环境。鉴于这些态度的重要性，提供可靠、有效且简洁的测量方法对于研究和干预目的而言至关重要。有证据表明，IPVAW态度的直接或显性评估方法可能存在偏差，有人建议应辅之以间接或隐性测量方法。在此背景下，本文的主要目的是研究西班牙人群中对IPVAW的隐性态度和显性态度有何不同。693名学生的机会样本参与了本研究。应用了两种直接或显性测量方法（《关于女性与暴力的扭曲思维量表》，IPDMV，以及《关于亲密伴侣暴力的信念量表》，IBIPV）和一种间接或隐性测量方法[性别暴力内隐联想测验（GV-IAT），内隐联想测验（IAT）的个性化形式]。所得结果表明，所使用的隐性测量方法（GV-IAT）的心理测量特征是可接受 的。此外，当我们通过隐性测量方法测量IPVAW态度时，我们在性别、IPVAW知识、IPVAW参与情况和政治观点方面获得了显著差异。然而，当我们通过显性测量方法测量这些态度时，我们仅在性别和政治观点方面获得了显著差异。最后，结果凸显了用显性和隐性测量方法测得的强烈拒绝IPVAW程度之间的重要差异，证实了态度的显性和隐性测量方法之间的传统差异。总之，所得结果为GV-IAT构成一种有前景的评估工具以补充对IPVAW态度的显性测量方法这一观点提供了更多支持。
