Billings C E, Gerke R J, Wick R L
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1975 Mar;46(3):304-8.
Five highly experienced professional pilots performed instrument landing system approaches under simulated instrument flight conditions in a Cessna 172 airplane and in a Link-Singer GAT-1 simulator while under the influence of orally administered secobarbital (0, 100, and 200 mg). Tracking performance in two axes and airspeed control were evaluated continuously during each approach. The data from the airplane and simulator were compared. Error and RMS variability were about half as large in the simulator as in the airplane. The observed data were more strongly associated with the drug level in the simulator than in the airplane. Further, the drug-related effects were more consistent in the simulator. Improvement in performance suggestive of learning effects were seen in the simulator, but not in actual flight. It is concluded that the GAT-1 simulator is a useful and sensitive device for studies of the effects of mild stress on pilot performance, but extrapolation of simulator data to the flight environment must be approached with considerable caution.
五名经验丰富的专业飞行员在口服速可巴比妥（0、100和200毫克）的影响下，于模拟仪表飞行条件下，驾驶一架塞斯纳172型飞机和一台Link - Singer GAT - 1模拟器进行仪表着陆系统进近操作。在每次进近过程中，持续评估两个轴向上的跟踪性能和空速控制。对飞机和模拟器的数据进行了比较。模拟器中的误差和均方根变异性约为飞机中的一半。与飞机相比，模拟器中观测到的数据与药物水平的关联更强。此外，模拟器中与药物相关的效应更一致。在模拟器中观察到了提示学习效应的性能改善，但在实际飞行中未观察到。结论是，GAT - 1模拟器是研究轻度应激对飞行员性能影响的有用且敏感的设备，但必须极其谨慎地将模拟器数据外推到飞行环境中。
