New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 15, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2013 Sep;42(3):435-52. doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2013.05.011.
This article summarizes for the practicing endocrinologist the current literature on the psychobiology of the development of gender identity and its variants in individuals with disorders of sex development (DSD) or with non-DSD transgenderism. Gender reassignment remains the treatment of choice for strong and persistent gender dysphoria in both categories, but more research is needed on the short-term and long-term effects of puberty-suppressing medications and cross-sex hormones on brain and behavior.
本文为内分泌科医生总结了关于性发育障碍（DSD）或非 DSD 跨性别者个体的性别认同发展及其变体的心理生物学的现有文献。性别重置仍然是这两类强烈和持续性别焦虑的首选治疗方法，但需要更多研究青春期抑制药物和跨性激素对大脑和行为的短期和长期影响。
