Clark Terry, Lisboa Tánia
Foothills Medical Centre, 613 St. - 1403, 29th Street NW, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada. Tel 403-944-3948.
Med Probl Perform Art. 2013 Sep;28(3):159-68.
Success in the performing arts, like sports, is dependent upon the acquisition and consistent use of a diverse range of skills. In sports, an understanding of safe and effective use of the body is required to facilitate long-term involvement in that activity. In order to assist athletes to attain their performance goals, and ensure healthy and sustained involvement, long-term athlete development (LTAD) models have been devised and adapted by professional sporting bodies throughout the world. LTAD models emphasize the intellectual, emotional, and social development of the athlete, encourage long-term participation in physical activities, and enable participants to improve their overall health and well-being and increase their life-long participation in physical activity. At present there is no such long-term development model for musicians. Yet musicians must cope with a multitude of career-related physical and mental demands, and performance-related injuries and career burnout are rife within the profession. Despite this, musicians' training rarely addresses such issues and musicians are left largely to learn about them through either chance or accrued experience. This paper discusses key concepts and recommendations in LTAD models, together with music-specific research highlighting the need for the development of a comprehensive long-term approach to musicians' training. The results of a survey of existing music training programs are compared to recommendations and the different development stages in LTAD models. Finally, implementation science is introduced as a methodological option for identifying how best to communicate the body of evidence-based knowledge concerning healthy and effective music-making to young student musicians.
表演艺术领域的成功，与体育一样，取决于获取并持续运用一系列多样的技能。在体育方面，需要了解身体的安全有效使用方法，以促进长期参与该项活动。为了帮助运动员实现其成绩目标，并确保健康持续地参与，世界各地的专业体育机构已经设计并采用了长期运动员发展（LTAD）模型。LTAD模型强调运动员的智力、情感和社会发展，鼓励长期参与体育活动，并使参与者能够改善整体健康和幸福感，增加其终身参与体育活动的程度。目前，对于音乐家来说还没有这样的长期发展模型。然而，音乐家必须应对与职业相关的众多身心需求，而且与表演相关的伤病和职业倦怠在该行业中很普遍。尽管如此，音乐家的培训很少涉及此类问题，音乐家很大程度上只能通过偶然机会或积累的经验来了解这些问题。本文讨论了LTAD模型中的关键概念和建议，以及针对音乐领域的研究，这些研究突出了制定全面的长期音乐家培训方法的必要性。将现有音乐培训项目的调查结果与LTAD模型中的建议和不同发展阶段进行了比较。最后，引入实施科学作为一种方法选项，以确定如何最好地向年轻学生音乐家传播有关健康有效音乐演奏的循证知识体系。
