Ruse Michael
History and Philosophy of Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-1500, USA,
Theory Biosci. 2013 Dec;132(4):215-24. doi: 10.1007/s12064-013-0190-7. Epub 2013 Sep 7.
Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace independently discovered the mechanism of natural selection for evolutionary change. However, they viewed the working of selection differently. For Darwin, selection was always focused on the benefit for the individual. For Wallace, selection was as much something of benefit for the group as for the individual. This difference is traced to their different background political-economic views, with Darwin in favor of Adam Smith's view of society and Wallace following Robert Owen in being a socialist.
查尔斯·达尔文和阿尔弗雷德·拉塞尔·华莱士各自独立发现了进化变革的自然选择机制。然而，他们对选择的作用有不同的看法。对达尔文而言，选择始终聚焦于个体的利益。对华莱士来说，选择对群体和个体的益处同样重要。这种差异可追溯到他们不同的背景政治经济观点，达尔文赞同亚当·斯密的社会观，而华莱士追随罗伯特·欧文成为了一名社会主义者。
