Sukhsohale Neelam D, Narlawar Uday W, Phatak Mrunal S
Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Indira Gandhi Government Medical College, Nagpur, India.
Indian J Community Med. 2013 Jul;38(3):162-7. doi: 10.4103/0970-0218.116353.
Some of the highest exposures to air pollutants in developing countries occur inside homes where biofuels are used for daily cooking. Inhalation of these pollutants may cause deleterious effects on health.
To assess the respiratory and other morbidities associated with use of various types of cooking fuels in rural area of Nagpur and to study the relationship between the duration of exposure (exposure index [EI]) and various morbidities.
A total of 760 non-smoking, non-pregnant women aged 15 years and above (mean age 32.51 14.90 years) exposed to domestic smoke from cooking fuels from an early age, working in poorly ventilated kitchen were selected and on examination presented with various health problems. Exposure was calculated as the average hours spent daily for cooking multiplied by the number of years. Symptoms were enquired by means of a standard questionnaire adopted from that of the British Medical Research Council. Lung function was assessed by the measurement of peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). PEFR less than 80% of the predicted was considered as abnormal pulmonary function.
Symptoms like eye irritation, headache, and diminution of vision were found to be significantly higher in biomass users (P < 0.05). Abnormal pulmonary function, chronic bronchitis, and cataract in biomass users was significantly higher than other fuel users (P < 0.05). Moreover an increasing trend in prevalence of symptoms/morbid conditions was observed with increase in EI. The presence of respiratory symptoms/morbid conditions was associated with lower values of both observed and percent predicted PEFR (P < 0.05 to 0.001). Thus women exposed to biofuels smoke suffer more from health problems and respiratory illnesses when compared with other fuel users.
在发展中国家，一些空气污染暴露程度最高的情况发生在使用生物燃料进行日常烹饪的家庭内部。吸入这些污染物可能会对健康造成有害影响。
评估那格浦尔农村地区使用各类烹饪燃料与呼吸道及其他疾病之间的关联，并研究暴露持续时间（暴露指数[EI]）与各类疾病之间的关系。
选取了760名年龄在15岁及以上（平均年龄32.51±14.90岁）、自幼暴露于烹饪燃料产生的室内烟雾且在通风不良的厨房工作的非吸烟、非怀孕女性，她们在检查时呈现出各种健康问题。暴露量通过每日烹饪平均时长乘以年数来计算。通过采用英国医学研究理事会的标准问卷来询问症状。通过测量呼气峰值流速（PEFR）来评估肺功能。PEFR低于预测值的80%被视为肺功能异常。
发现使用生物质燃料的人群中，眼睛刺激、头痛和视力减退等症状明显更多（P<0.05）。使用生物质燃料人群的肺功能异常、慢性支气管炎和白内障显著高于其他燃料使用者（P<0.05）。此外，随着EI的增加，症状/疾病患病率呈上升趋势。呼吸道症状/疾病的存在与观察到的PEFR值和预测PEFR百分比均较低相关（P<0.05至0.001）。因此，与其他燃料使用者相比，暴露于生物燃料烟雾中的女性更容易出现健康问题和呼吸道疾病。
