印度本地治里市一个城市贫民窟中，室内空气污染对使用不同烹饪燃料的女性呼吸系统的影响。

Effect of indoor air pollution on the respiratory system of women using different fuels for cooking in an urban slum of Pondicherry.

作者信息

Dutt D, Srinivasa D K, Rotti S B, Sahai A, Konar D

机构信息

Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India.

出版信息

Natl Med J India. 1996 May-Jun;9(3):113-7.

PMID:8664820

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Some of the highest exposures to air pollutants in developing countries occur inside homes where biofuels are used for daily cooking. Inhalation of these pollutants may cause deleterious effects on health. We studied the effects of exposure to indoor air pollution from the use of cooking fuels on lung functions and respiratory symptoms in women aged 15-60 years.

METHODS

The study was conducted in Kuruchikuppam, an urban slum in Pondicherry. The study participants were 105 women using biofuels, 105 using kerosene and 105 using liquid petroleum gas (LPG), selected from among 1117 women aged 15-60 years, by a stratified random sampling technique. These women were interviewed at home to collect information about exposure to fuel smoke and presence of respiratory symptoms. Lung functions were assessed by measuring forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Occurrence of respiratory symptoms over six months was noted by making monthly follow up visits.

RESULTS

Women using biofuels experienced more respiratory symptoms (23%) than those using kerosene (13%;p > 0.05) or LPG (8%; p < 0.05). Lung functions-FVC, FEV1, FEV1% and PEFR-were significantly lower in biofuel users compared with both kerosene (p < 0.01) and LPG users (p < 0.001). Lung functions in kerosene users also were significantly poorer when compared with LPG users (p < 0.01). Predicted pulmonary functions using multiple regression equations, derived from the data set of the present study, indicated that women using biofuels were more liable to have reduced pulmonary functions than women using kerosene or LPG.

CONCLUSION

Women exposed to biofuel smoke suffer more from respiratory illnesses and have decreased pulmonary functions compared with women exposed to kerosene or LPG smoke. To reduce pollutant exposures we recommend the use of smokeless chullas or cleaner fuels such as charcoal, biogas and kerosene.

摘要

背景

在发展中国家，一些空气污染暴露程度最高的情况发生在使用生物燃料进行日常烹饪的家庭内部。吸入这些污染物可能会对健康造成有害影响。我们研究了使用烹饪燃料导致的室内空气污染暴露对15至60岁女性肺功能和呼吸道症状的影响。

方法

该研究在本地治里的一个城市贫民窟库鲁奇库帕姆进行。通过分层随机抽样技术，从1117名15至60岁的女性中选取了105名使用生物燃料的女性、105名使用煤油的女性和105名使用液化石油气（LPG）的女性作为研究参与者。这些女性在家中接受访谈，以收集有关燃料烟雾暴露和呼吸道症状情况的信息。通过测量用力肺活量（FVC）、第1秒用力呼气量（FEV1）和呼气峰值流速（PEFR）来评估肺功能。通过每月随访记录六个月内呼吸道症状的发生情况。

结果

使用生物燃料的女性出现呼吸道症状的比例（23%）高于使用煤油的女性（13%；p>0.05）或使用液化石油气的女性（8%；p<0.05）。与使用煤油（p<0.01）和液化石油气的女性（p<0.001）相比，使用生物燃料的女性的肺功能指标——FVC、FEV1、FEV1%和PEFR——明显更低。与使用液化石油气的女性相比，使用煤油的女性的肺功能也明显较差（p<0.01）。使用本研究数据集推导的多元回归方程预测肺功能表明，与使用煤油或液化石油气的女性相比，使用生物燃料的女性更易出现肺功能下降。