Department GF Ingrassia, Section of Neuroscience, University Hospital Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Sicily, Italy.
Clin Interv Aging. 2013;8:1033-9. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S47230. Epub 2013 Aug 5.
Sleep disorders are so frequently associated with depression that, in the absence of sleep complaints, a diagnosis of depression should be made with caution. Insomnia, in particular, may occur in 60%-80% of depressed patients. Depressive symptoms are important risk factors for insomnia, and depression is considered an important comorbid condition in patients with chronic insomnia of any etiology. In addition, some drugs commonly prescribed for the treatment of depression may worsen insomnia and impair full recovery from the illness. The aim of this paper is to review briefly and discuss the following topics: common sleep disturbances during depression (in particular pavor nocturnus, nightmares, hypersomnia, and insomnia); circadian sleep disturbances; and treatment of depression by manipulation of the sleep-wake rhythm (chronotherapy, light therapy, cycles of sleep, and manipulation of the sleep-wake rhythm itself). Finally, we present a case report of a 65-year-old Caucasian woman suffering from insomnia associated with depression who was successfully treated with sleep deprivation.
睡眠障碍与抑郁症常常相关，因此如果没有睡眠问题的主诉，那么对抑郁症的诊断应持谨慎态度。尤其，失眠在 60%-80%的抑郁患者中存在。抑郁症状是失眠的重要危险因素，而抑郁症被认为是任何病因的慢性失眠患者的重要合并症。此外，一些常用于治疗抑郁症的药物可能会加重失眠并妨碍疾病的完全康复。本文的目的是简要回顾和讨论以下几个方面：抑郁期间常见的睡眠障碍（尤其是夜惊、噩梦、嗜睡和失眠）；昼夜节律睡眠障碍；以及通过调整睡眠-觉醒节律来治疗抑郁症（时间疗法、光照疗法、睡眠周期和对睡眠-觉醒节律本身的调整）。最后，我们报告了一例 65 岁的白人女性的病例，她患有与抑郁症相关的失眠，通过剥夺睡眠成功得到治疗。
