Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand ; CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Department of Yeast and Basidiomycete Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands ; Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
PLoS One. 2013 Sep 3;8(9):e72222. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072222. eCollection 2013.
Cryptococcosis is an important fungal disease in Asia with an estimated 140,000 new infections annually the majority of which occurs in patients suffering from HIV/AIDS. Cryptococcus neoformans variety grubii (serotype A) is the major causative agent of this disease. In the present study, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) using the ISHAM MLST consensus scheme for the C. neoformans/C. gattii species complex was used to analyse nucleotide polymorphisms among 476 isolates of this pathogen obtained from 8 Asian countries. Population genetic analysis showed that the Asian C. neoformans var. grubii population shows limited genetic diversity and demonstrates a largely clonal mode of reproduction when compared with the global MLST dataset. HIV-status, sequence types and geography were found to be confounded. However, a correlation between sequence types and isolates from HIV-negative patients was observed among the Asian isolates. Observations of high gene flow between the Middle Eastern and the Southeastern Asian populations suggest that immigrant workers in the Middle East were originally infected in Southeastern Asia.
隐球菌病是亚洲地区一种重要的真菌病,估计每年有 14 万例新感染病例,其中大多数发生在 HIV/AIDS 患者中。新型隐球菌变种格卢比(血清型 A)是该病的主要致病因子。在本研究中,使用 ISHAM MLST 共识方案对新型隐球菌/格卢比种复合体进行多位点序列分型(MLST),以分析从 8 个亚洲国家获得的 476 株该病原体的核苷酸多态性。群体遗传分析表明,与全球 MLST 数据集相比,亚洲新型隐球菌变种格卢比种群显示出有限的遗传多样性,并表现出主要的克隆繁殖模式。HIV 状态、序列类型和地理位置被发现是混杂的。然而,在亚洲分离株中观察到 HIV 阴性患者的序列类型和分离株之间存在相关性。中东和东南亚人群之间存在高基因流动的观察结果表明,中东的移民工人最初是在东南亚感染的。