Letvak Susan
Adult Health Nursing Department, School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Greensboro.
Nurs Adm Q. 2013 Oct-Dec;37(4):295-308. doi: 10.1097/NAQ.0b013e3182a2f99a.
Nurses are known to suffer from health problems because of the physical and stressful nature of nurses' work. With the advent of health care reform and the increasing importance of nurses to quality and cost-effective health care, the health of nurses can no longer be ignored. The purpose of this synthesis of the literature is to determine what interventions and evidence-based practices have been found that support and improve the health of nurses. Whittemore and Knafl's integrative review methodology was chosen to guide the synthesis. Eighteen studies, all conducted in clinical settings, were identified. Interventions included on-site wellness, ergonomic and exercise programs; holistic practices, including Tai Chi and massage; the use of clinical supervision; mental health programs; and the use of minimal, no lift and lift-team programs. There is a critical need for more research specifically designed to improve the health and safety of the nursing workforce.
众所周知，由于护士工作的体力要求和压力性质，护士容易出现健康问题。随着医疗改革的到来以及护士对高质量和具有成本效益的医疗保健的重要性日益增加，护士的健康再也不能被忽视。本文献综述的目的是确定已发现哪些干预措施和循证实践能够支持并改善护士的健康状况。我们选择了惠特莫尔和克纳夫的综合审查方法来指导综述过程。共识别出18项均在临床环境中开展的研究。干预措施包括现场健康促进、人体工程学和锻炼项目；整体疗法，如太极拳和按摩；临床监督的运用；心理健康项目；以及使用最小化、无搬运和搬运团队项目。迫切需要开展更多专门旨在改善护理人员健康与安全的研究。
