a Department of Kinesiology , The Human Performance Laboratory.
J Am Coll Nutr. 2013;32(4):234-42. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2013.816597.
Foods incorporating plant sterols (PS) consistently decrease serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), although results vary depending on the PS form and food matrix. The objective was to study the effect of a novel triglyceride-recrystallized phystosterol (TRP) incorporated into fat-free milk on markers of cardiovascular risk compared to unmodified free sterols alone in the same fat-free milk.
Hypercholesterolemic men and women (n = 13 males/7 females; 56 ± 10 years; body mass index 27.3 ± 5.9 kg/m(2)) participated in 3 sequential 4-week phases of 480 mL milk consumption. During phase 1 (control) all subjects consumed 2% milk containing no PS, followed by phase 2 with fat-free milk containing free PS (2 g/d fPS) and phase 3 with fat-free milk with TRP (2 g/d). After each phase, determinations of lipoprotein cholesterol distribution, particle concentration via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), apolipoproteins, inflammatory markers, and fat-soluble dietary antioxidants were made.
Body mass, body composition, dietary energy and macronutrients, and physical activity were unaffected throughout the study. Compared to the control 2% milk, LDL-C was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased by fPS (-9.1%) and was further decreased by TRP (-15.4%); reductions with TRP were significantly greater. Total LDL particle concentration was decreased to a greater extent after TRP (-8.8%) than fPS (-4.8%; p < 0.05). Only TRP significantly decreased serum levels of apolipoprotein B (apoB; -6%), interleukin-8 (IL-8; -11%) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1; -19%). Plasma α- and γ-tocopherols and carotenoids, normalized to cholesterol, remained unchanged throughout the study with the exception that β-carotene was lowered by 18%.
In summary, TRP in fat-free milk may provide cardiovascular benefits beyond that of fPS by inducing more substantial decreases in LDL cholesterol and particle concentration, associated with declines in markers of vascular inflammation.
植物固醇（PS）能持续降低血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C），但结果因 PS 形式和食品基质而异。本研究旨在比较新型甘油三酯结晶植物固醇（TRP）与游离固醇在低脂奶中单独应用时对心血管风险标志物的影响。
13 名男性和 7 名女性（56±10 岁；体重指数 27.3±5.9kg/m2）志愿者参与了 3 个连续的 4 周阶段的低脂奶（480ml）摄入研究。在第 1 阶段（对照），所有受试者均摄入不含 PS 的 2%低脂奶，随后第 2 阶段摄入含游离 PS（2g/d fPS）的低脂奶，第 3 阶段摄入含 TRP（2g/d）的低脂奶。在每个阶段结束后，检测脂蛋白胆固醇分布、核磁共振（NMR）检测脂蛋白颗粒浓度、载脂蛋白、炎症标志物和脂溶性膳食抗氧化剂。
在整个研究过程中，体重、身体成分、膳食能量和宏量营养素以及体力活动均无变化。与对照 2%低脂奶相比，fPS 可显著降低 LDL-C（-9.1%），而 TRP 可进一步降低 LDL-C（-15.4%）；TRP 的降低作用更为显著。与 fPS 相比，TRP 可更大程度地降低总 LDL 颗粒浓度（-8.8% vs -4.8%；p<0.05）。仅 TRP 可显著降低载脂蛋白 B（apoB；-6%）、白细胞介素-8（IL-8；-11%）和单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1；-19%）水平。除了β-胡萝卜素降低了 18%，按胆固醇标准化的α-和γ-生育酚和类胡萝卜素在整个研究过程中保持不变。
总之，低脂奶中的 TRP 可能通过诱导 LDL 胆固醇和颗粒浓度更大程度的降低，与血管炎症标志物的降低相关，从而提供比 fPS 更显著的心血管益处。
