Institut Pasteur, Paris, France +33 146 568 264
Expert Rev Vaccines. 2013 Sep;12(9):1085-94. doi: 10.1586/14760584.2013.824709. Epub 2013 Sep 12.
The isolation of influenza virus 80 years ago in 1933 very quickly led to the development of the first generation of live-attenuated vaccines. The first inactivated influenza vaccine was monovalent (influenza A). In 1942, a bivalent vaccine was produced after the discovery of influenza B. It was later discovered that influenza viruses mutated leading to antigenic changes. Since 1973, the WHO has issued annual recommendations for the composition of the influenza vaccine based on results from surveillance systems that identify currently circulating strains. In 1978, the first trivalent vaccine included two influenza A strains and one influenza B strain. Currently, there are two influenza B lineages circulating; in the latest WHO recommendations, it is suggested that a second B strain could be added to give a quadrivalent vaccine. The history of influenza vaccine and the associated technology shows how the vaccine has evolved to match the evolution of influenza viruses.
80 年前，也就是 1933 年，流感病毒的分离很快导致了第一代减毒活疫苗的开发。第一种灭活流感疫苗是单价（甲型）的。1942 年，在发现乙型流感后，生产了一种双价疫苗。后来发现流感病毒发生了突变，导致抗原发生变化。自 1973 年以来，世界卫生组织根据监测系统的结果，每年发布流感疫苗组成的建议，这些监测系统可以识别当前流行的毒株。1978 年，第一种三价疫苗包括两种甲型流感病毒株和一种乙型流感病毒株。目前有两种乙型流感病毒谱系在循环；在最新的世界卫生组织建议中，建议增加第二种 B 株，以提供四价疫苗。流感疫苗的历史和相关技术表明，疫苗是如何随着流感病毒的演变而发展的。
