Ekblad Mikael, Gissler Mika, Korkeila Jyrki, Lehtonen Liisa
1 Department of Paediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland2 Department of Paediatrics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
3 THL National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland4 Nordic School of Public Health, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Eur J Public Health. 2014 Aug;24(4):544-51. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckt128. Epub 2013 Sep 11.
Reductions in maternal smoking can prevent pregnancy complications and adverse effects to foetus. Our objective was to study how the prevalence of maternal smoking differs between Nordic countries, and to identify target groups for smoking-cessation interventions.
Information on maternal smoking and background factors was requested from the Nordic countries (the Danish National Board of Health, the Finnish National Institute for Health and Welfare, the Public Health Institute in Iceland, the Norwegian Institute of Public Health and the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare). Data on maternal smoking were received from 1991 to 2010 in Denmark, 1987 to 2010 in Finland, 1999 to 2009 in Norway and 1983 to 2008 in Sweden. Trends in smoking were studied by using test for relative proportion.
The prevalence of maternal smoking in early pregnancy has declined in the countries during the past 20 years (Denmark: from 30.6 to 12.5%; Norway: 20.6 to 16.5% and Sweden: 31.4 to 6.9%), except in Finland (a steady prevalence at 15%). The highest rates of smoking in early pregnancy were among teenagers (24% in Sweden and 49% in Finland and Norway). Single women were 2-3 times more likely to smoke than married women. The women in the lowest socioeconomic group were 6-7 times more likely to smoke than women in the highest group in Finland and Norway.
Maternal smoking and its trends differed between the Nordic countries. The highest smoking rates during pregnancy were observed among teenagers, single women and women with a low socioeconomic position.
减少孕妇吸烟可预防妊娠并发症及对胎儿的不良影响。我们的目标是研究北欧国家孕妇吸烟率的差异，并确定戒烟干预的目标群体。
向北欧国家（丹麦国家卫生局、芬兰国家健康与福利研究所、冰岛公共卫生研究所、挪威公共卫生研究所和瑞典国家卫生与福利委员会）索取有关孕妇吸烟及背景因素的信息。丹麦于1991年至2010年、芬兰于1987年至2010年、挪威于1999年至2009年以及瑞典于1983年至2008年收集了孕妇吸烟数据。通过相对比例检验研究吸烟趋势。
在过去20年中，除芬兰外（患病率稳定在15%），这些国家孕早期孕妇吸烟率有所下降（丹麦：从30.6%降至12.5%；挪威：从20.6%降至16.5%；瑞典：从31.4%降至6.9%）。孕早期吸烟率最高的是青少年（瑞典为24%，芬兰和挪威为49%）。单身女性吸烟的可能性是已婚女性的2至3倍。在芬兰和挪威，社会经济地位最低的群体中的女性吸烟的可能性是最高群体中女性的6至7倍。
北欧国家孕妇吸烟情况及其趋势存在差异。孕期吸烟率最高的是青少年、单身女性和社会经济地位低的女性。
