Kuntz Benjamin, Zeiher Johannes, Starker Anne, Prütz Franziska, Lampert Thomas
Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring.
J Health Monit. 2018 Mar 15;3(1):45-51. doi: 10.17886/RKI-GBE-2018-026. eCollection 2018 Mar.
Maternal smoking during pregnancy poses a significant risk to the development of unborn children. Data from KiGGS Wave 2 shows that 10.9% of mothers of 0 to 6 year-old children smoked during pregnancy. Mothers who were under 25 when giving birth smoked about two to three times more often than older mothers. Furthermore, there is a distinct social gradient in maternal smoking: a higher socioeconomic status is associated with a lower proportion of children with a mother who smoked during pregnancy. A comparison with data from the KiGGS baseline study shows that the proportion of mothers who smoked during pregnancy fell from to 19.9% to 10.9% between the two study periods. Thus, the KiGGS results are in line with those from the perinatal survey, which also found that the proportion of pregnant women who smoke has declined significantly since the mid-1990s.
孕期母亲吸烟对未出生儿童的发育构成重大风险。KiGGS第二轮的数据显示，0至6岁儿童的母亲中有10.9%在孕期吸烟。分娩时年龄在25岁以下的母亲吸烟频率比年龄较大的母亲高出约两到三倍。此外，母亲吸烟存在明显的社会梯度：社会经济地位较高与孕期吸烟母亲所生孩子的比例较低相关。与KiGGS基线研究的数据相比，两个研究期间孕期吸烟母亲的比例从19.9%降至10.9%。因此，KiGGS的结果与围产期调查的结果一致，该调查也发现自20世纪90年代中期以来，吸烟孕妇的比例显著下降。
