Lindqvist A-S, Moberg T, Ehrnborg C, Eriksson B O, Fahlke C, Rosén T
Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden; Forensic Psychiatric Clinic, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2014 Dec;24(6):1000-5. doi: 10.1111/sms.12122. Epub 2013 Sep 12.
Physical training has been shown to reduce mortality in normal subjects, and athletes have a healthier lifestyle after their active career as compared with normal subjects. Since the 1950s, the use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) has been frequent, especially in power sports. The aim of the present study was to investigate mortality, including causes of death, in former Swedish male elite athletes, active 1960-1979, in wrestling, powerlifting, Olympic lifting, and the throwing events in track and field when the suspicion of former AAS use was high. Results indicate that, during the age period of 20-50 years, there was an excess mortality of around 45%. However, when analyzing the total study period, the mortality was not increased. Mortality from suicide was increased 2-4 times among the former athletes during the period of 30-50 years of age compared with the general population of men. Mortality rate from malignancy was lower among the athletes. As the use of AAS was marked between 1960 and 1979 and was not doping-listed until 1975, it seems probable that the effect of AAS use might play a part in the observed increased mortality and suicide rate. The otherwise healthy lifestyle among the athletes might explain the low malignancy rates.
体育锻炼已被证明可降低正常受试者的死亡率，与正常受试者相比，运动员在其活跃职业生涯结束后拥有更健康的生活方式。自20世纪50年代以来，合成代谢雄激素类固醇（AAS）的使用一直很频繁，尤其是在力量型运动中。本研究的目的是调查1960年至1979年期间活跃的前瑞典男性精英运动员（从事摔跤、力量举重、奥林匹克举重以及田径投掷项目）的死亡率，当时对他们曾使用AAS的怀疑度很高。结果表明，在20至50岁年龄段，死亡率高出约45%。然而，在分析整个研究期间时，死亡率并未增加。与男性普通人群相比，前运动员在30至50岁期间自杀死亡率增加了2至4倍。运动员中恶性肿瘤的死亡率较低。由于1960年至1979年期间AAS的使用很显著，且直到1975年才被列入兴奋剂名单，AAS使用的影响似乎可能在观察到的死亡率上升和自杀率中起了作用。运动员们其他方面健康的生活方式可能解释了低恶性肿瘤率。
